{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T16:54:47Z","timestamp":1782147287741,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunosuppression in experimental infections with &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma congolense&lt;\/i&gt; is mediated by the synergistic action of macrophages and a novel lymphocyte(s), which involves the activity of IFN-\u03b3 as well as IL-10. BALB\/c mice are highly susceptible while C57Bl\/6 mice are relatively resistant to &lt;i&gt;T. congolense&lt;\/i&gt; infections. Plasma and\/or supernatants of spleen cell cultures of infected susceptible BALB\/c mice have more IL-10 but less IL-12 than those of infected relatively resistant C57Bl\/6 mice. Cells of a BALB\/c macrophage cell line, when pulsed with &lt;i&gt;T. congolense&lt;\/i&gt;, produce more IL-10 and IL-6, but have less TNF-\u03b1 mRNA, than equally treated cells of a C57Bl\/6 cell line. Peritoneal and\/or bone marrow-derived macrophages obtained from BALB\/c mice, pulsed with &lt;i&gt;T. congolense&lt;\/i&gt; in culture, produce less nitric oxide, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-12, but more IL-6 and IL-10 than equally treated macrophages isolated from C57Bl\/6 mice. We suggest that genetic resistance to African trypanosomiasis is expressed at the level of the macrophage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000028078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T13:07:10Z","timestamp":1050412030000},"page":"273-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Experimental African Trypanosomiasis: Differences in Cytokine and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages from Resistant and Susceptible Mice"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Tabel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.S.","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Uzonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,9]]},"container-title":["Pathobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/28078","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/28078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:13:20Z","timestamp":1745468000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000028078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000028078","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1015-2008","1423-0291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-2008","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999]]}}}