{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T22:51:20Z","timestamp":1762296680441},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,22]],"date-time":"2000-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":966902400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>One aim of our study is to discuss some of the relations of prosodic parameters to the speech production process, e.g. how speech intensity is related to the vocal tract filter and the voice source and the underlying aerodynamics. A specific problem of phonetic interest is the role of subglottal pressure and fundamental frequency as intensity determinants and their covariation in speech. Our speech analysis displays, incorporating perceptually scaled syllable prominence, are suitable for multilevel studies of speech parameters. A new intensity parameter, SPLH, related to sonority is introduced. In combination with the standard sound pressure level it provides information on the voice source spectral slope. In Swedish, high long stressed vowels approach a semi-closed target, and thus a sonority minimum, which suggests a motor component in prominence perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000028466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T13:07:10Z","timestamp":1050412030000},"page":"113-127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Source-Filter Frame of Prominence"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Fant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Kruckenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Liljencrants","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_001_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bickley, C.; Stevens, K.N.: Effects of a vocal tract constriction on the glottal source: experimental and modelling studies. J. Phonet. 14: 373&ndash;382 (1986).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(19)30711-9"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_002_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ab2Aa","unstructured":"Campbell, N.; Beckman, M.: Stress, prominence and spectral tilt; in Botinis, Kouroupetroglou, Carayannis, Proc. ESCA Workshop on Intonation: Theory, Models and Applications, Athens 1997, pp. 67&ndash;70."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_003_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ab3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dilley, L.; Shattuck-Hufnagel, S.: Glottalization of word-initial vowels as a function of prosodic structure. J. Phonet. 24: No. 4 (1996).","DOI":"10.1006\/jpho.1996.0023"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_004_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ab4Aa","unstructured":"Fant, G.: Acoustic analysis and synthesis of speech with applications to Swedish. Ericsson Technics, No. 15\/1, pp. 1&ndash;106 (1959)."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_005_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ab5Aa","unstructured":"Fant, G.: Voice source dynamics. Q. Prog. Status Rep., Speech Transm. Lab., R. Inst. Technol., Stockh., No. 2\/3, pp. 17&ndash;37 (1980)."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_006_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fant, G.: Some problems in voice source analysis. Speech Commun. 13: 7&ndash;22 (1993).","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6393(93)90055-P"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_007_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ab7Aa","unstructured":"Fant, G.: The LF-model revisited. Transformations and frequency domain analysis. Q. Prog. Status Rep., Speech Transm. Lab., R. Inst. Technol., Stockh., No. 2\/3, pp. 119&ndash;155 (1995)."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_008_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ab8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fant, G.: The voice source in connected speech. Speech Commun. 22: 125&ndash;139 (1997).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(97)00017-4"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_009_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ab9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fant, G.; Herteg&aring;rd, S.; Kruckenberg, A.; Liljencrants, J.: Covariation of subglottal pressure, F0 and glottal parameters. Eurospeech 97: 453&ndash;456 (1997a).","DOI":"10.21437\/Eurospeech.1997-156"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_010_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac10Aa","unstructured":"Fant, G.; Kruckenberg, A.: Preliminaries to the study of Swedish prose reading and reading style. Q. Prog. Status Rep., Speech Transm. Lab., R. Inst. Technol., Stockh., No. 2, pp. 1&ndash;89 (1989)."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_011_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac11Aa","unstructured":"Fant, G.; Kruckenberg, A.: Notes on stress and word accent in Swedish. Q. Prog. Status Rep., Speech Transm. Lab., R. Inst. Technol., Stockh., No. 2\/3, pp. 125&ndash;144 (1994)."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_012_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac12Aa","unstructured":"Fant, G.; Kruckenberg, A.: The voice source in prosody. Proc. ICPhS 95, Stockholm 1995, Vol. 2, pp. 622&ndash;625."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_013_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fant, G.; Kruckenberg, A.: Voice source properties of the speech code. Q. Prog. Status Rep., Speech Transm. Lab., R. Inst. Technol., Stockh., No. 4, pp. 45&ndash;46 (1996).","DOI":"10.1121\/1.417754"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_014_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac14Aa","unstructured":"Fant, G.; Kruckenberg, A.; Liljencrants, J.: Prominence correlates in Swedish prosody. Int. Conf. Phonet. Sci. 99, San Francisco 1999, pp. 1749&ndash;1752."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_015_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fant, G.; Kruckenberg, A.; Liljencrants, J.: Acoustic-phonetic correlates of prosody in Swedish; in Botinis, Intonation (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000).Fant, G.; Kruckenberg, A.; Nord, L.: Prosodic and segmental speaker variations. Speech Commun. 10: 521&ndash;531 (1991).","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6393(91)90055-X"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_016_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac16Aa","unstructured":"Fant, G.; Kruckenberg, A.; Herteg&aring;rd, S.; Liljencrants, J.: Accentuation and subglottal pressure in Swedish; in Botinis, Kouroupetroglou, Carayannis, Proc. ESCA Workshop on Intonation: Therory, Models and Applications, Athens 1997b, pp. 111&ndash;114."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_017_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac17Aa","unstructured":"Fant, G.; Liljencrants, J.; Lin, Q.: A four-parameter model of glottal flow. Q. Prog. Status Rep., Speech Transm. Lab., R. Inst. Technol., Stockh., No. 4, pp. 1&ndash;13 (1985)."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_018_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac18Aa","unstructured":"Fant, G.; Lin, Q.: Frequency domain interpretation and derivation of glottal flow parameters. Q. Prog. Status Rep., Speech Transm. Lab., R. Inst. Technol., Stockh., No. 2\/3, pp. 1&ndash;21 (1988)."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_019_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac19Aa","unstructured":"Fant, G.; Nord, L.; Kruckenberg, A.: Individual variations in text reading: a data-bank pilot study. Q. Prog. Status Rep., Speech Transm. Lab., R. Inst. Technol., Stockh., No. 4, pp. 1&ndash;17 (1986)."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_020_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac20Aa","unstructured":"Kruckenberg, A.; Fant, G.: Iambic versus trochaic patterns in poetry reading. Nordic Prosody VI, pp. 123&ndash;135 (Almqvist &amp; Wiksell, Stockholm 1993)."},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_021_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindblom, B.: Explaining phonetic variation: a sketch of the H and H theory; in Hardcastle, Marchal, Speech production and modelling, pp. 403&ndash;439 (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1990).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-2037-8_16"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_022_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcus, S.M.: Acoustic determinants of perceptual center (P-center) location. Perception Psychophysics 30: 247&ndash;256 (1981).","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03214280"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_023_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portele, T.; Heuft, B.: Towards a prominence-based synthesis system. Speech Commun. 21: 1&ndash;72 (1997).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(96)00072-6"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_024_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sluijter, A.M.C.; van Heuven, V.J.: Spectral balance as an acoustic correlate of linguistic stress. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 100: 2471&ndash;2484 (1996).","DOI":"10.1121\/1.417955"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_025_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundberg, J.; Andersson, M.; Hultqvist, C.: Effect of subglottal pressure variation on professional baritone singers&rsquo; voice sources. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 105: 1965&ndash;1971 (1999).","DOI":"10.1121\/1.426731"},{"key":"2021062305173688408_j_000028466_ref_026_w2aab3b7c40b1b6b1ab1ac26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Titze, I.: On the relation between subglottal pressure and fundamental frequency in phonation. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 85: 901&ndash;906 (1989).","DOI":"10.1121\/1.397562"}],"container-title":["Phonetica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/28466","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1159\/000028466\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1159\/000028466\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T05:18:03Z","timestamp":1682486283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1159\/000028466\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,22]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1159\/000028466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000028466","relation":{},"ISSN":["1423-0321","0031-8388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1423-0321","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0031-8388","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,22]]}}}