{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T15:40:27Z","timestamp":1772898027958,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"abstract":"The possibility that salmeterol could interfere with the inhibitory effect of glucocorticosteroids on allergen-induced activation of leukocytes was assessed in cultures of human blood mononuclear cells (BMCs). BMCs, recovered from 27 patients (21 \u00b1 4 years of age) sensitized to <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus <\/i><i>(Der\u00a0p)<\/i>, were incubated with a purified <i>Der\u00a0p<\/i> extract (10 \u00b5g\/ml) for 7 days in the presence of salmeterol (10<sup>\u20138<\/sup> and 10<sup>\u20137<\/sup>\u00a0<i>M<\/i>) and\/or dexamethasone (10<sup>\u201310<\/sup> and 10<sup>\u20139<\/sup>\u00a0<i>M<\/i>). BMC proliferation and cytokine release were respectively tested by [<sup>3<\/sup>H]thymidine incorporation and EASIA. Stimulation with <i>Der\u00a0p<\/i> extract induced a significant BMC proliferation (<i>Der\u00a0p<\/i> 18.7 \u00b1 1.9 cpm \u00d7 10<sup>3<\/sup>, control 1.8 \u00b1 0.3 cpm \u00d7 10<sup>3<\/sup>, p < 0.01) which was significantly inhibited both by salmeterol and dexamethasone (p < 0.05, each comparison). The inhibition of BMC proliferation induced by dexamethasone (10<sup>\u20139<\/sup>\u00a0<i>M<\/i>) was significantly enhanced by salmeterol 10<sup>\u20137<\/sup>\u00a0<i>M<\/i> (p < 0.05). Evaluation of cytokine levels in BMC supernatants showed that <i>Der\u00a0p<\/i> extract significantly increased the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-2 (p < 0.001, each comparison). Salmeterol (10<sup>\u20137<\/sup>\u00a0<i>M<\/i>) or dexamethasone (10<sup>\u20139<\/sup>\u00a0<i>M<\/i>) induced a similar, statistically significant, downregulation of GM-CSF release (p < 0.05, each comparison) and induced a slight, not significant, decrease in the production of IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-2 (p > 0.05, each comparison). Interestingly, salmeterol (10<sup>\u20137<\/sup>\u00a0<i>M<\/i>) significantly enhanced the inhibitory activity of dexamethasone (10<sup>\u20139<\/sup>\u00a0<i>M<\/i>) on the release of GM-CSF, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-2 (p < 0.05, each comparison) but not of IFN-\u03b3 (p > 0.05). Thus \u03b2<sub>2<\/sub>-adrenoceptors may enhance the inhibitory activity of low doses of corticosteroids on allergen-induced BMC activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000029260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T13:07:10Z","timestamp":1050412030000},"page":"199-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Salmeterol Enhances the Inhibitory Activity of Dexamethasone on Allergen-Induced Blood Mononuclear Cell Activation"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Oddera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Testi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.A.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.9.1.67"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508243330807"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90780-4"}],"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/29260","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/29260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:22:27Z","timestamp":1745468547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000029260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000029260","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998]]}}}