{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T13:45:32Z","timestamp":1760622332643,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have described that there are different types of disease in patients with established chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with different clinical course and functional responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the presence of low transfer factor (LTF) values can predict the effectiveness of bronchodilator therapy, and to assess whether this group has different risk factors that may be related with the responses. Eighty patients with COPD were evaluated on three occasions. Initial assessment included a standard respiratory questionnaire, blood analysis, skin prick test and baseline lung function, all performed on the first visit. Bronchodilator response was evaluated after low (0.2\u00a0mg) and high (1\u00a0mg) doses of salbutamol, and after 2\u00a0weeks of oral prednisone. In patients with normal TLCO\/VA % (NTF), a higher proportion of subjects with previous history of atopy was the only statistically significant difference compared to those with LTF (odds ratio 4.33; 95% confidence interval 1.06\u201325.15). Although the mean response in forced expiratory volume in 1\u00a0s (FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;) to treatment was analogous in both groups, when bronchodilation was expressed as percent of predicted, there was a clear trend to a lower response in patients with LTF (0.2\u00a0mg salbutamol: 6.99 \u00b1 5.64 vs. 8.94 \u00b1 6.61, p = 0.15; 1\u00a0mg salbutamol: 10.18 \u00b1 6.37 vs. 13.45 \u00b1 7.90, p &lt; 0.05; oral prednisone: 5.51 \u00b1 6.94 vs. 8.74 \u00b1 10.81, p = 0.06). The percentage of patients who had &gt;12% improvement from that predicted in FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt; was also lower in this group (42 vs. 72%; p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, TLCO\/VA% was significantly lower in those subjects with a negative bronchodilator trial with salbutamol (68 \u00b1 25 vs. 81 \u00b1 26; p &lt; 0.05) and prednisone (69 \u00b1 26 vs. 90 \u00b1 22; p &lt; 0.01). In patients with LTF and NTF, airway responsiveness was only significantly related with basal airflow limitation (LTF, r = 0.44; NTF, r = 0.38). All other interaction terms were not statistically significant. These results indicate that in patiens with similar serverity of COPD, the presence of LTF indicates a decreased probability of a positive bronchodilator response, probably reflecting different pathological lesions. We suggest that transfer factor should be taken into consideration when bronchial response is evaluated in large clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000029277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T13:07:10Z","timestamp":1050412030000},"page":"282-288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Utility of Transfer Factor to Detect Different Bronchodilator Responses in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"J.L.","family":"Izquierdo-Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Franc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Castelao Naval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Carrillo Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gallardo Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,4]]},"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/29277","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/29277","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:22:34Z","timestamp":1745468554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000029277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000029277","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0025-7931"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0356"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998]]}}}