{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T04:13:58Z","timestamp":1745554438360,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000]]},"abstract":"<i>Background\/Aims:<\/i> In vitro constant calcitriol [1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub>] inhibits healthy individuals\u2019 T lymphocyte proliferation at supraphysiological concentrations. In contrast, among hemodialysis patients, intravenous 1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub> pulse therapy of secondary hyperparathyroidism has been shown to be even immunostimulatory. We studied the effect of in vitro constant and intermittent 1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub> on lymphocyte antigen response of hemodialysis patients. <i>Methods: <\/i>Twelve hemodialysis patients\u2019 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with purified protein derivative of tuberculin (12.5, 25 and 50 mg\/l) or tetanus toxoid (TT; 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 Lf\/l, limit of flocculation) for 7 days. Constant 1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub> was added to all cultures at concentrations of 0, 10<sup>\u201310<\/sup> or 0.25 \u00d7 10<sup>\u20139<\/sup> mol\/l (0, 42 and 105 ng\/l) and to half of the cultures additionally as a 0.75 \u00d7 10<sup>\u20139<\/sup> mmol\/l (315-ng\/l) pulse on the 5th culture day. <i>Results: <\/i>TT-induced lymphocyte proliferation was statistically related to a constant 1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub> concentration (p = 0.001, analysis of variance). With constant 1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub> concentrations of 0, 42 and 105 ng\/l, the TT-induced responses were 1.53, 1.44 and 1.40 log cpm, respectively (mean of TT concentrations). The responses of the (additionally) pulse-treated cells [1.65, 1.50 and 1.40 log cpm; concentrations of constant 1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub> as above] were similar to those of the nonpulsed cells. Thus constant, but not pulsed 1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub> decreased the TT responses. On the purified protein derivative of tuberculin response, neither constant nor pulsed 1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub> had any significant effect. <i>Conclusions: <\/i>The decline of TT response with constant 1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub> corresponds with findings on immunosuppressive action of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub> in previous studies done on normal subjects\u2019 cells. This was not seen with intermittently applied 1,25-(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub>. These results support the previous concept that intermittent 1,25(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<sub>3<\/sub> therapy is not immunosuppressive in hemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000045732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T09:24:25Z","timestamp":1050398665000},"page":"139-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Constant, but Not Pulsed Calcitriol Suppresses Hemodialysis Patients\u2019 Antigen-Induced Lymphocyte Proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"P\u00e4ivi M.","family":"Hannula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaakko A.","family":"Antonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heikki H.T.","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna-Maija","family":"Koivisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai J.E.","family":"Krohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amos I.","family":"Pasternack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(87)90079-1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(88)91260-1"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(92)90630-2"}],"container-title":["Nephron"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/45732","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/45732","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:46:41Z","timestamp":1745470001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000045732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000045732","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-8151","2235-3186"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1660-8151"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2235-3186"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000]]}}}