{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T17:58:41Z","timestamp":1776794321207,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]],"date-time":"2001-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":993945600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study examined the distribution of allophonic variants [t], [I] or [U], of medial \/t\/ using a corpus of conversational speech. We utilized a large conversational speech database to generate statistics about the frequency of occurrence of medial flaps. Results confirmed the prevalence of flapping in American English. Low frequency words showed a redistribution of variants from [U] to [t] compared to dominant flapping in high frequency words. A similar redistribution of variant production occurred for morphologically complex words (e.g. dirty) compared with morphologically simple words (e.g. water). A second analysis examining vowel length prior to medial \/t\/ and medial \/d\/ showed that, while both stops were pronounced as a flap, the vowel preceding medial \/d\/ tended to the longer. These results were discussed in reference to potential processes in recognizing spoken words.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000046178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T19:06:15Z","timestamp":1050433575000},"page":"254-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Variant Frequency in Flap Production"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Patterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Connine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,12]]},"container-title":["Phonetica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/46178","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1159\/000046178\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1159\/000046178\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T19:45:05Z","timestamp":1624477505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1159\/000046178\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1159\/000046178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000046178","relation":{},"ISSN":["1423-0321","0031-8388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1423-0321","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0031-8388","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]}}}