{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:19:40Z","timestamp":1787239180191,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":2,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,13]],"date-time":"2001-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1008201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,13]],"date-time":"2001-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1008201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of the study was to investigate the management of pyelonephritis in a large Italian pediatric population. A total of 1,333 patients (36% male) were considered. &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;\/i&gt; was the most frequently isolated agent (89.9%), followed by &lt;i&gt;Proteus mirabilis&lt;\/i&gt; (3.6%) and &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella oxytoca&lt;\/i&gt; (2.1%). 27% of microorganisms were resistant to amoxicillin, 4% to amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid, 11% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 2.4% to gentamicin and less than 2% to ceftazidime. Despite this resistance pattern showing that oral antibiotics, such as amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid, are effective in vitro as well as parenteral antimicrobials, a parenteral antibiotic was given initially to 756 (57.2%) children. A prophylactic regimen was started in 922 patients with a rate of reinfection during prophylaxis of 9.5%; a higher rate of reinfection was observed in patients with reflux (25%) compared to children without reflux (3%) (p &lt; 0.0001). Vesicoureteral reflux was demonstrated in 30% of patients. The number of renal abnormalities detected by DMSA in patients with and without reflux was significantly different (p &lt; 0.001). CRP was higher in patients with scars (p &lt; 0.02). In conclusion, pyelonephritis represents a common disease with about 2,500 days of hospitalization per year in the Veneto Region where there is a pediatric population of about 800,000 under 15 years of age. The results of antimicrobial in vitro tests indicate that amoxillicin\/clavulanic acid could represent the antibiotic of choice. The high frequency of malformations, observed even in children between 6 and 12 years of age, may suggest the need of an imaging study including DMSA scan and VCUG in all age groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000046308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T06:10:37Z","timestamp":1050387037000},"page":"8-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Retrospective Study of Children with Acute Pyelonephritis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Ghiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.T.","family":"Cracco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sartor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Comacchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Zacchello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Dall\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08035259950170015"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)06126-0"}],"container-title":["Nephron"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/46308","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/46308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:53:31Z","timestamp":1745456011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000046308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,13]]},"references-count":2,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000046308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-8151","2235-3186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-8151","type":"print"},{"value":"2235-3186","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,13]]}}}