{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T18:09:19Z","timestamp":1759342159380,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic urticaria includes several different subsets with distinct pathophysiologies, and with important implications for investigation and treatment. Chronic \u2018idiopathic\u2019 urticaria represents a special challenge, which, until recently, was not taken up by dermatological or immunological investigators. However, it has now emerged that at least 30% of patients possess histamine-releasing autoantibodies against Fc&amp;#917;R1, or less commonly IgE itself. These autoantibodies are causative. Recent work implicates complement activation in most cases. Functional (i.e. histamine releasing) autoantibodies are specific to chronic urticaria. However, immunoreactive (non-histamine-releasing) anti-Fc&amp;#917;R1 autoantibodies can be found in sera of patients with physical urticarias and with autoimmune connective tissue and bullous diseases. The reason for the occurrence of this disease type in some individuals but not others is unclear. One possibility is the development, in genetically predisposed persons, of autoantibodies by molecular mimicry \u2013 perhaps against lipopolysaccharide of &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;\/i&gt;, an organism frequently infecting the upper gastrointestinal tract of chronic urticaria patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000048163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T13:07:10Z","timestamp":1050412030000},"page":"3-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Pathophysiology of Chronic Urticaria"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Malcolm W.","family":"Greaves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.105706"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.101.4.418"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.116.2.174"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.124.1.80"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.0810089"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.116217"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306033282204"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12338544"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90666-Q"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.108913"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.115484"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.00027.x"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/48163","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/48163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:01:03Z","timestamp":1745467263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000048163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000048163","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-2438","1423-0097"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1018-2438"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0097"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002]]}}}