{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T19:27:17Z","timestamp":1766086037300,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000]]},"abstract":"<i>Objective:<\/i> Lichen planus (LP) represents a disease in which autoimmune mechanisms mediated by Th1 T cells are involved. Lymphotoxin-\u03b1 (LT-\u03b1) represents a Th1 cytokine with proinflammatory activities in LP, as has recently been demonstrated for interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1). <i>Methods:<\/i> Expression of LT-\u03b1 mRNA was investigated by RT-PCR and nonradioactive in situ hybridization. Double staining methods were applied to characterize the phenotype of cells expressing LT-\u03b1. Cell stimulation experiments were performed on the transformed squamous cell line HaCaT. <i>Results:<\/i> In contrast to normal skin, LT-\u03b1-specific RT-PCR products were found in all cases of LP. Cells in the inflammatory infiltrate expressing LT-\u03b1 were identified as mainly T cells and mast cells, as shown by in situ hybridization. Furthermore, predominant LT-\u03b1 mRNA expression could be observed in lesional keratinocytes adjacent to the band-like inflammatory infiltrate. In cell stimulation experiments, it could be shown that IFN-\u03b3 induces LT-\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b1 mRNA in the human squamous cell line HaCaT, concomitant with upregulation of MHC class II and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, which could also be observed on lesional keratinocytes in LP. <i>Conclusions:<\/i> In LP, LT-\u03b1 mRNA is predominantly expressed by lesional keratinocytes and to a lesser extent by inflammatory cells. Induction of LT-\u03b1 in keratinocytes is closely related to the expression of TNF-\u03b1 and MHC class II. The loci of TNF-\u03b1 and LT-\u03b1 map to MHC class III on chromosome 6, which is closely linked to the MHC class II gene locus. Our results suggest that stimulation of keratinocytes with IFN-\u03b3 results in the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as LT-\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b1 as well as MHC class II, which map to the same gene region of immunoregulatory genes on chromosome 6 and may be involved in the induction and maintenance of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000055940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T19:06:20Z","timestamp":1050433580000},"page":"291-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Expression of Lymphotoxin-\u03b1 by Keratinocytes: A Further Mediator for the Lichenoid Reaction"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Middel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Undine","family":"Lippert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus Matthias","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans Peter","family":"Bertsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Metin","family":"Artuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schweyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinz-Joachim","family":"Radzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.107.6.840"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1461"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000155599750010940"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(94)90074-4"}],"container-title":["Pathobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/55940","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/55940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:42:56Z","timestamp":1745469776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000055940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000055940","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1015-2008","1423-0291"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1015-2008"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0291"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000]]}}}