{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:07:31Z","timestamp":1762250851058,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytogenet Genome Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>G- and C-banded karyotypes of the two extant species of the mammalian order Proboscidea are presented for the first time. Chromosome complements were 2n = 56 in both &lt;i&gt;Loxodonta africana &lt;\/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Elephas maximus. &lt;\/i&gt;Comparisons between the species demonstrated a high level of chromosome band homology, with 26 conserved autosomal pairs. The normal diploid karyotype of &lt;i&gt;L. africana&lt;\/i&gt; had 25 acrocentric\/telocentric and two metacentric\/submetacentric autosomal pairs. &lt;i&gt;E. maximus&lt;\/i&gt; differed by having one less acrocentric and one additional submetacentric pair due to either a heterochromatic arm addition or deletion involving autosomal pair 27. Several acrocentric autosomes of &lt;i&gt;L. africana&lt;\/i&gt; exhibited small short arms that were absent in homologous chromosomes of &lt;i&gt;E. maximus.&lt;\/i&gt; The X chromosomes in both species were large submetacentric elements and were homologous. However, the small acrocentric Y chromosomes differed; in &lt;i&gt;E. maximus&lt;\/i&gt; it was slightly larger and had more distinct G-bands than its counterpart in &lt;i&gt;L. africana.&lt;\/i&gt; Extant Elephantidae appear to be relatively conservative in their rates of chromosomal change compared to some other mammalian families. The high-quality banded karyotypes presented here should prove useful as references in future chromosome analyses of elephant populations and in comparative cytogenetic studies with other ungulate orders.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000056992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T19:06:20Z","timestamp":1050433580000},"page":"249-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparative cytogenetics of the African elephant &lt;i&gt;(Loxodonta africana)&lt;\/i&gt; and Asiatic elephant &lt;i&gt;(Elephas maximus)&lt;\/i&gt;"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"M.L.","family":"Houck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.T.","family":"Kumamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.S.","family":"Gallagher Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Benirschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35054544"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35054550"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5405.1171"}],"container-title":["Cytogenetic and Genome Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/56992","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/56992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:54:14Z","timestamp":1745470454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000056992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000056992","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8581","1424-859X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1424-8581"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-859X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001]]}}}