{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:21:26Z","timestamp":1783477286664,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Objectives\/Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; To induce testicular growth and spermatogenesis, 11 patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were treated with long-term subcutaneous pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration. Three patients had a history of undescended testes. Patients who did not respond to therapy with a sufficient increase in serum testosterone or spermatogenesis were offered additional injections with hCG or, after discontinuation of GnRH, either combined therapy with hCG and hMG or recombinant FSH. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; During treatment testicular volume and serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone increased. Semen analysis revealed the presence of spermatogenesis in 9 of the 11 patients (8 on GnRH alone and in 1 when hCG\/hMG was subsequently instituted), and 7 pregnancies have resulted thus far. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; Pulsatile GnRH therapy is a well-tolerated and effective therapy for the induction of spermatogenesis in some men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. It appears that a significant fraction of them should be treated for a minimum of 1\u20132 years to maximize testicular growth and achieve spermatogenesis. Cryptorchidism was a negative prognostic factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000057944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T21:05:17Z","timestamp":1050440717000},"page":"32-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Treatment of Men with Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels E.","family":"Skakkeb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199605000-00020"}],"container-title":["Hormone Research in Paediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/57944","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/57944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:56:41Z","timestamp":1745467001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000057944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000057944","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-2818","1663-2826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-2818","type":"print"},{"value":"1663-2826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002]]}}}