{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:47:53Z","timestamp":1788187673127,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Purpose:&lt;\/i&gt; To investigate the expression of inflammatory markers HLA-DR in impression cytology specimens from patients receiving topical antiglaucoma monotherapy. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Impression cytology specimens were obtained from patients taking no topical medication (n = 13) and from primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensive patients taking one topical medication for at least 3 months (latanoprost n = 14; betaxolol n = 12; timolol n = 14). None of the patients had any signs of ocular surface inflammation as detected by slit-lamp examination, a normal Schirmer\u2019s test and tear breakup time. The expression of HLA-DR on epithelial cells and T lymphocytes was analysed by flow cytometry. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; A significant increase in HLA-DR on epithelial cells in patients on monotherapy was detected (latanoprost p &lt; 0.05; betaxolol p &lt; 0.01; timolol p &lt; 0.01). Although the duration of treatment differed significantly between individual groups, there was no significant correlation between the length of monotherapy and the expression of inflammatory markers by epithelial cells and T lymphocytes. In the latanoprost group, the increased expression of HLA-DR was associated with a shorter duration of treatment. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; The flow-cytometric results indicate that administration of a single topical medication preserved with benzalkonium chloride, irrespective of type, for 3 months or more induced a significant degree of subclinical inflammation detected as increased expression of HLA-DR on conjunctival epithelial cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000059624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T21:05:17Z","timestamp":1050440717000},"page":"175-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Ocular Surface Changes Induced by Topical Antiglaucoma Monotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"216","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Cvenkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alojz","family":"Ihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90116-1"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/59624","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/59624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:03:09Z","timestamp":1745467389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000059624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000059624","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-3755","1423-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-3755","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002]]}}}