{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:42:43Z","timestamp":1789418563297,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,9]],"date-time":"2002-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1034121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,9]],"date-time":"2002-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1034121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron Exp Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) belongs to a superfamily of nuclear receptors, which plays important roles in lipid and glucose metabolism. However, expression of PPAR\u03b3 in extra-adipose tissues and stimulation of apoptosis by PPAR\u03b3 activators has been previously reported. We investigated the functions of PPAR\u03b3 using a clonal kidney cell line (LLC-PK1). RT-PCR revealed the expression of PPAR\u03b3 in LLC-PK1 cells. The cells accumulated fat droplets and increased \u03b2-oxidation of free fatty acids in response to troglitazone, a ligand for PPAR\u03b3. At physiological concentrations, ligands for PPAR\u03b3 including troglitazone, BRL49653, and 15-deoxy-\u03b4-12,14-prostaglandin J&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; inhibited serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis of the cells. On the other hand, PPAR\u03b1 activators did not inhibit the apoptosis. Apoptosis of LLC-PK1 cells was determined by a cell viability assay, condensation of the nucleus on fluorescent and electron microscopy, and DNA fragmentation as indicated by the appearance of nucleosomal ladders on an agarose gel. Troglitazone also suppressed serum-deprivation-induced activation of Caspase 3. However, troglitazone did not suppress apoptosis induced by ATP deprivation. Anti-apoptotic effects of troglitazone were partially blocked by a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, wortmannin, but not by other kinase inhibitors such as PD98059 and AG490. These results suggest that PPAR\u03b3 is functionally expressed in LLC-PK1 cells, and its activation inhibits apoptosis induced by serum deprivation, at least in part, through the PI3K pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000065303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T21:05:17Z","timestamp":1050440717000},"page":"393-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-g Inhibits Apoptosis Induced by Serum Deprivation in LLC-PK1 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Haraguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Shimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshimasa","family":"Onaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00835.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81575-5"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.24.17042"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.5.2170"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.5.2498"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.0590051899.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00766.x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.50.31771"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5300.665"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5300.661"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81883-8"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00420-3"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.23.14532"}],"container-title":["Nephron Experimental Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/65303","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/65303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:29:13Z","timestamp":1745468953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000065303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000065303","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-2129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-2129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,9]]}}}