{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T04:13:05Z","timestamp":1745554385245,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"Suppl. 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We shall illustrate that management of patients with an acid-base disorder could be improved if the acid-base analysis was based on a better understanding of basic concepts of physiology. Three concepts of acid-base physiology and their clinical implications are emphasized in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. First, when an acid is produced from neutral precursors in the body, there is a net increase in the number of hydrogen ions (H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;\/sup&gt;) and new anions. The corollary is that H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;\/sup&gt; will be removed when the accompanying anion is metabolized to a neutral end-product or is excreted in the urine with H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;\/sup&gt; or ammonium (NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;\/sup&gt;). Second, buffering of H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;\/sup&gt; is beneficial if H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;\/sup&gt; are removed by bicarbonate rather than being able to bind to proteins. This latter function depends on having a low tissue PCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;, due to a combination of hyperventilation plus an adequate blood flow rate to vital organs. Third, the kidneys add new bicarbonate to the body when NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;\/sup&gt; is excreted with chloride ions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000065377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T21:05:17Z","timestamp":1050440717000},"page":"46-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Conceptual Approach to the Patient with Metabolic Acidosis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Shafiee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamel S.","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchell L.","family":"Halperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00803.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.116618"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.53.1.549"}],"container-title":["Nephron"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/65377","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/65377","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:29:27Z","timestamp":1745468967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000065377"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl. 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000065377","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-8151","2235-3186"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1660-8151"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2235-3186"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002]]}}}