{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T04:09:36Z","timestamp":1745554176653,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma (KS) is the most common neoplastic apoptosis manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Toremifene is known to upregulate transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-\u03b21), which is a growth-inhibitory factor for KS. We investigated the in vitro effect of toremifene on KS cells. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; MTT assay was used to measure the growth of four KS cell lines and a human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cell line after incubation with toremifene. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were used to measure the level of TGF-\u03b21. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; The IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;\/sub&gt; for the KS cells ranged from 2.2 to 3.2 \u00b5&lt;i&gt;M,&lt;\/i&gt; and 80% of the growth inhibition occurred within 24 h. Toremifene enhanced TGF-\u03b21 mRNA expression, and the level of TGF-\u03b21 increased from 103 to 473 pg\/ml after 48 h of incubation. Toremifene had no effect on the growth of HUVE cells. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; Toremifene has a specific antiproliferative effect on KS cells. The stimulation of TGF-\u03b21 production may play a role in the antiproliferative process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000066765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T21:05:40Z","timestamp":1050440740000},"page":"238-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antiproliferative Properties of Toremifene on AIDS-Related Kaposi\u2019s Sarcoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan R.","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.2.525"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002800050612"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002800050607"}],"container-title":["Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/66765","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/66765","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:19:56Z","timestamp":1745464796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000066765"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000066765","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-3157","1421-9794"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0009-3157"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9794"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002]]}}}