{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T15:48:16Z","timestamp":1777996096873,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;\/i&gt; Subcortical vascular dementia (SVD) is associated with white matter lesions and demyelination. The aim of the present study was to examine the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of TNF-\u03b1, a proinflammatory cytokine mediating myelin damage, in SVD patients. The intrathecal TNF-\u03b1 levels were related to the clinical symptoms of dementia, as well as to intrathecal levels of sulfatide, a marker of white matter degradation, and of neurofilament, a marker of neuronal degeneration. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; CSF levels of TNF-a, sulfatide and neurofilament were all analyzed by immunoenzymatic procedures in 17 patients with SVD and in 26 healthy controls. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; The intrathecal concentration of TNF-\u03b1 was significantly increased in SVD patients compared to healthy controls (p\u00a0= 0.0001). The intrathecal levels of TNF-\u03b1 were significantly correlated (r = 0.6, p = 0.02) to the levels of sulfatide, but not to the levels of neurofilament, (r = 0.08, NS). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; We have demonstrated intrathecal production of TNF-\u03b1 in SVD patients. The correlation between TNF-a and sulfatide levels in the CSF suggests that this apoptosis-inducing cytokine leads to the death of oligodendrocytes, thereby contributing to white matter degeneration, a hallmark of SVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000068780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T21:05:40Z","timestamp":1050440740000},"page":"207-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Correlation between Intrathecal Sulfatide and TNF-\u03b1 Levels in Patients with Vascular Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Tarkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tullberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Fredman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Wikkels\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(20000215)29:4<366::AID-GLIA7>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(91)90272-E"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.19.1.187"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91034-X"}],"container-title":["Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/68780","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/68780","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:37:49Z","timestamp":1745465869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000068780"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000068780","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-8008","1421-9824"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-8008","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9824","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003]]}}}