{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T04:10:40Z","timestamp":1745554240060,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Five to twenty percent of healthy, nonasthmatic individuals exhibit airway hyperreactivity. Because cytokines are important intermediates in airway responses, we investigated the relationship between serum cytokines and airway responsiveness in a well-characterized population of pregnant women. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; We analyzed serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in frozen sera from 240 pregnant nonasthmatic subjects from a previous study of airway responsiveness and preterm labor for their relationship to methacholine challenge test results. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Serum IFN-\u03b3 and GM-CSF levels were significantly related to levels of methacholine airway responsiveness among nonasthmatics in this population. Nonasthmatics with PD&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;\/sub&gt; &lt;8 \u00b5mol (the highest level of airway responsiveness) had the highest mean serum levels of IFN-\u03b3 and GM-CSF, those with 8 \u2264 PD&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;\/sub&gt; \u2264 50 \u00b5mol had intermediate levels, and those with PD&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;\/sub&gt; &gt;50 \u00b5mol had the lowest levels. Both serum IFN-\u03b3 and GM-CSF levels were also significantly related to the log dose-response slope for methacholine responsiveness. These relationships were confirmed in a multiple linear regression analysis controlling for age, ethnic background, and cigarette smoking. Current smoking was uniformly associated with decreased cytokine levels. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; IFN-\u03b3, GM-CSF, and other cytokines may be useful serum markers in population studies of airway responsiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000069008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T12:11:24Z","timestamp":1050408684000},"page":"158-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Serum Cytokine Levels, Cigarette Smoking and Airway Responsiveness among Pregnant Women"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Masashi","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augusto A.","family":"Litonjua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Kuniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott T.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucille","family":"Guevarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Tollerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.3.660"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10112495"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412083312302"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11020312"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383787a0"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12040872"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90605-O"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00231-2"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(00)00060-7"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000010165"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/69008","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/69008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:40:57Z","timestamp":1745466057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000069008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000069008","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-2438","1423-0097"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1018-2438"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0097"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003]]}}}