{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:37:34Z","timestamp":1787589454066,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Vitamin C is known to both inhibit melanin formation and reduce oxidized melanin. However, vitamin C does not easily penetrate the skin. In this study, vitamin C iontophoresis was employed in order to enhance vitamin C penetration. &lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt; The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C iontophoresis for melasma patients. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Twenty-nine females with melasma were enrolled. For iontophoresis, a vitamin C solution was applied to one side of the face, while distilled water was applied to the other side as a control. The L (luminance) value was measured by a colorimeter to obtain an objective pigmentation parameter. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Twelve weeks after iontophoresis, the colorimeter of the treated site showed a significant decrease in the L value (from 4.60 to 2.78, p = 0.002), compared to that of the control site (from 4.45 to 3.87, p = 0.142). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; Vitamin C iontophoresis may be an effective treatment modality for melasma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000069943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,28]],"date-time":"2003-05-28T07:40:46Z","timestamp":1054107646000},"page":"316-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Vitamin C Iontophoresis in Melasma"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Chang-Hun","family":"Huh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koo-Il","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Je-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Gu","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Chul","family":"Eun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Chan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8019.2001.014001035.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.131.12.1453"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00226.x"}],"container-title":["Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/69943","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/69943","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:16:12Z","timestamp":1745464572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000069943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000069943","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8665","1421-9832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8665","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003]]}}}