{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:36:02Z","timestamp":1791200162459,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytogenet Genome Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Accumulating evidence points to the importance of the X chromosome for trophoblast development. In rodents, the extraembryonic cell lineage differs from somatic tissues in that X chromosome inactivation is imprinted, preferentially silencing the paternal X chromosome. As a consequence, trophoblast development is extremely susceptible to deviations from normal X inactivation and is impaired in situations of increased and reduced X-linked gene dosage. Mouse mutants have also shown that maintenance of X chromosome silencing in extraembryonic tissues requires a special set of heterochro- matin proteins. Moreover, the X chromosome has been implicated in causing several malformations of the placenta. The observed importance of the X chromosome for placental development can be explained by the presence of many trophoblast-expressed genes, especially in the proximal and central regions. Given that the placenta represents a postzygotic barrier to reproduction, evolutionary constraints may be responsible for the presence of placental genes on the X chromosome that are often co-expressed in brain and testis.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000071595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,6]],"date-time":"2003-08-06T10:32:03Z","timestamp":1060165923000},"page":"210-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The role of the X chromosome in mammalian extra embryonic development"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Hemberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-1606(02)90773-6"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.10.3.277"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0680387"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/scdb.2000.0156"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5576(99)00049-0"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5496.1578"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.2001.6532"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009234217981"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(01)00375-7"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231396598"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1998.8972"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90049-3"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6408(1998)22:1<65::AID-DVG7>3.3.CO;2-W"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290050284"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng939"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/3129"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8640"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00892-8"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.10.6.758"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0295"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35080570"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9823"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90544-1"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/3833"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/75518"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/9632"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng574"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(77)90151-9"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000056861"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0496-398"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10094"}],"container-title":["Cytogenetic and Genome Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/71595","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/71595","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:31:35Z","timestamp":1745465495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000071595"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000071595","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8581","1424-859X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8581","type":"print"},{"value":"1424-859X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002]]}}}