{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:08:23Z","timestamp":1791295703152,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Kidney Blood Press Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, T cell contribution is indicated by T cell-dependent ANCA production combined with the presence of T cells in inflammatory infiltrates. However, the exact pathogenic role of T cells in ANCA-associated vasculitis remains to be determined. The Th1\/Th2 concept is useful for understanding T cell involvement in pathological processes. This review focuses on T cells and particularly the Th1\/Th2 paradigm in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Most research has been done in Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis, where a shift in T cell response, from a Th1 pattern in localized disease towards a Th0\/Th2 pattern in generalized disease, appears to occur. Although less thoroughly studied, data in Churg-Strauss syndrome and microscopic polyangiitis indicate that these diseases are predominantly associated with Th2 patterns. Further studies elucidating the true nature of the polarization towards Th1 or Th2 in ANCA-associated vasculitis are clearly needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000072987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,26]],"date-time":"2003-09-26T10:26:33Z","timestamp":1064571993000},"page":"215-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Th1 and Th2 Paradigm in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"J.S.F.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.A.","family":"Stegeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.G.M.","family":"Kallenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200215918"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199803)41:3<445::AID-ART10>3.3.CO;2-V"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1993.1020"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01415.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10384"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)80606-2"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.6.2081"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH656>3.3.CO;2-D"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.125002332.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<742::AID-ANR18>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.10.751"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200102)44:2<469::AID-ANR66>3.3.CO;2-S"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(99)80016-9"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00049-1"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200001000-00003"}],"container-title":["Kidney and Blood Pressure Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/72987","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/72987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:46:10Z","timestamp":1745466370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000072987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000072987","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-4096","1423-0143"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-4096","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0143","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003]]}}}