{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:34:31Z","timestamp":1761662071081,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,22]],"date-time":"2003-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,22]],"date-time":"2003-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072051200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Pharmacol Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"abstract":"In the gradual process of evolution, plants have developed natural sun protecting substances that enable continuous survival under direct and intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation. As part of our studies of plant-derived pigments that might constitute an alternative to conventional sunscreens, we have tested the ethanolic extracts of roots, stalks, and inflorescences of populations of wild <i>Cichorium endivia<\/i> subsp. <i>divaricatum<\/i> (Asteraceae) in terms of protection against sunburn, and in prevention of UVB-induced pyrimidine dimer formation and IL-6 mRNA expression in the human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. Using ELISA technique for detection of pyrimidine dimers and RT-PCR for detection of IL-6, we found that the ethanolic extract of <i>C. endivia<\/i> roots absorbs radiation in the UVB spectrum and partially prevents induction of pyrimidine dimers and IL-6 expression. Application of the root extract on the skin prior to UVB irradiation totally prevented erythema. Our findings suggest that <i>C. endivia<\/i> extracts might possess sun-protective qualities that make them useful as sunscreens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000074062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,19]],"date-time":"2003-12-19T09:25:47Z","timestamp":1071825947000},"page":"42-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Photoprotection by <i>Cichorium endivia<\/i> Extracts: Prevention of UVB-Induced Erythema, Pyrimidine Dimer Formation and IL-6 Expression"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"C.D.","family":"Enk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hochberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Lev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Dor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Srebnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.M.","family":"Dembitsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,22]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref1","DOI":"10.1016%2F0021-9673%2893%2983279-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref2","DOI":"10.1016%2F0031-9422%2896%2900356-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref3","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0308-8146%2801%2900308-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref4","DOI":"10.1562%2F0031-8655%281999%29070%3C0910%3AMOVSIP%3E2.3.CO%3B2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref5","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1747.2000.00012.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref6","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0021-9673%2899%2900930-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref7","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1751-1097.1991.tb02010.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref8","DOI":"10.1080%2F09553008614551041"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref9","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.94.1.11"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref10","DOI":"10.1111%2F1523-1747.ep12470181"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref11","DOI":"10.1111%2F1523-1747.ep12874666"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref12","DOI":"10.1002%2Feji.1830211006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref13","DOI":"10.1016%2F0305-0491%2895%2900086-N"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref14","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1018440801577"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref15","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1751-1097.1994.tb02980.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref16","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJM199310143291602"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref17","DOI":"10.1001%2Farchderm.131.2.170"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref18","DOI":"10.1562%2F0031-8655%281998%29068%3C0243%3AAROSSA%3E2.3.CO%3B2"}],"container-title":["Skin Pharmacology and Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/74062","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/74062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:49:03Z","timestamp":1745466543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000074062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,22]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000074062","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-5527","1660-5535"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1660-5527"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-5535"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,22]]}}}