{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T02:15:06Z","timestamp":1770430506504,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Using gentler endoscopes and improved sedation, great strides have been made in enhancing patients\u2019 comfort and acceptance of endoscopic procedures. Because morbidity and mortality have been associated with benzodiazepines in endoscopic sedation, safer alternatives were sought. Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol), a rapid and short-acting anesthetic, initially used in the 1980\u2019s for general anesthesia induction and maintenance, is a promising candidate. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; This review article examines experiences and literature references of propofol\u2019s use in endoscopic procedures. Three critical questions are posed: What are the major advantages and potential risks of propofol? When should propofol be used? Who should administer propofol, how should it be administered, and what type of monitoring is required? &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; With considerable inter-patient variability, the propofol dose must be carefully titrated according to the individual patient\u2019s response. Factors influencing dosage include age, ASA class, patient\u2019s height and procedure duration. Propofol\u2019s primary risk is its narrow therapeutic range which necessitates careful patient monitoring. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; Propofol\u2019s advantages over benzodiazepines and narcotics include a more rapid onset of action, full relief of discomfort and rapid recovery to alertness without residual sedative effects or anterograde amnesia, thereby making this drug a cost-effective and, with proper monitoring, safe choice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000076543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,6]],"date-time":"2004-02-06T10:57:01Z","timestamp":1076065021000},"page":"20-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The Dawning of a New Sedative: Propofol in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Ludwig T.","family":"Heuss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Inauen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.122332"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520252903170"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1999-13642"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(00)00872-8"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34232"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-7713"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-41518"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01608.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(03)00447-7"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.124636"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.124208"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-97"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.116174"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-134"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-96"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(03)00496-9"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.116358"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200009000-00014"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(02)04039-X"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.128919"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.116110"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001610-200005000-00007"}],"container-title":["Digestion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/76543","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/76543","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:12:30Z","timestamp":1745467950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000076543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000076543","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-2823","1421-9867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-2823","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004]]}}}