{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:28:09Z","timestamp":1779103689161,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> Eosinophils are important cells in host immunity to infections by parasitic worms. Tissue-invasive helminthic parasites have been known to induce apoptosis of immune cells for their successful establishment in vivo. We have previously found that high doses of excretory-secreted products (ESP) secreted by lung fluke <i>Paragonimus westermani<\/i> newly excysted metacercariae (PwNEM), which cause pulmonary or extrapulmonary paragonimiasis in human beings, accelerate eosinophil cell death. However, little is known about the mechanism of eosinophil apoptosis induced by the <i>Paragonimus<\/i>-derived products. <i>Objective:<\/i> We examined involvement of caspase 3 activation in eosinophil cell death induced by ESP produced by PwNEM. <i>Methods:<\/i> Eosinophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors by CD16-negative immunomagnetic selection. We examined the inhibitory effect of pan-caspase inhibitor on ESP-triggered phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization on the outer surface of eosinophils and intracellular activation of caspase 3 in cell lysates treated with the ESP. <i>Results:<\/i> When ESP secreted by PwNEM were incubated for up to 3 h with eosinophils, they increased surface exposure of PS on eosinophils in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This proapoptotic effect of the ESP on eosinophils was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of cells with pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, and was completely abolished by heat inactivation of ESP at 56\u00b0C. The activated forms of caspase 3 were also clearly detected in eosinophils incubated with ESP. Moreover, ESP potently inhibited prolonged survival of eosinophils induced by cytokines such as IL-5, IL-3, and GM-CSF. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> These results suggest that ESP secreted by PwNEM contain biological active factors causing caspase-3-mediated apoptosis of human eosinophils, thereby enabling the larvae to evade and to subvert the tackle by eosinophils during the early phase of the infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000077355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,19]],"date-time":"2004-03-19T14:37:25Z","timestamp":1079707045000},"page":"357-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Caspase-3-Mediated Apoptosis of Human Eosinophils by the Tissue-Invading Helminth <i>Paragonimus westermani<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Duk-Young","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Sook","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myung-Hee","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Bae","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seobo","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myeong Heon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(94)90038-8"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.109830"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.107038"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.3.1041"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37022"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1599-1604.2001"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(94)90648-3"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02016-5"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(02)00383-6"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.12.7141"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00271-5"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201344200"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4002-4008.2002"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2000.00270.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000024433"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01044.x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1381"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000073264"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90172-T"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/77355","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/77355","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:20:50Z","timestamp":1745468450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000077355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000077355","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-2438","1423-0097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-2438","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0097","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004]]}}}