{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:20:15Z","timestamp":1790011215463,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,17]],"date-time":"2004-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1100649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,17]],"date-time":"2004-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1100649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background and Aims:&lt;\/i&gt; Hyperleptinemia is a common feature in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the role of increased serum leptin levels in the pathogenesis of HD-related anorexia is still controversial. The purpose of the present prospective study was to ascertain whether hyperleptinemia is causally implicated in the pathogenesis of HD-related anorexia. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; We measured the serum leptin levels and the serum leptin\/body mass index (BMI) ratio in 24 healthy subjects and in 49 end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance HD. HD patients were subdivided into anorexic (14\/49, 28.5%) and non-anorexic (35\/49, 71.5%) according to a questionnaire discriminating for the presence of anorexia-related symptoms. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Calorie (kcal\/kg\/day) and protein (g\/ kg\/day) intakes were significantly lower in anorexic than in non-anorexic patients (20.1 \u00b1 1.1 vs. 27.9 \u00b1 1.3, p = 0.004, and 0.82 \u00b1 0.05 vs. 1.19 \u00b1 0.05, p = 0.001, respectively). Accordingly, serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, mid-arm muscle circumference, and the protein equivalence of nitrogen appearance (PNA) were significantly lower in anorexic patients. The serum leptin concentration (ng\/ml) was significantly higher in HD patients than in controls, in males (15.33 \u00b1 3.4 vs. 3.7 \u00b1 0.3, p = 0.003) and in females (42.3 \u00b1 7.2 vs. 10.5 \u00b1 1.3, p = 0.03). Similarly, serum leptin\/BMI ratio was significantly higher in HD patients than in controls, in males (0.56 \u00b1 0.1 vs. 0.16 \u00b1 0.02, p = 0.0028) and in females (1.8 \u00b1 0.2 vs. 0.4 \u00b1 0.04, p &lt; 0.0001). However, serum leptin levels were similar in anorexic and in non-anorexic patients, in males (15.3 \u00b1 5.6 vs. 16.9 \u00b1 4.2, p = 0.85) and in females (46.6 \u00b1 12.9 vs. 47.4 \u00b1 9.4, p = 0.96). No differences were observed between the 2 groups in the serum leptin\/BMI ratio, in males (0.59 \u00b1 0.2 vs. 0.58 \u00b1 0.14, p = 0.92) and in females (1.5 \u00b1 0.4 vs. 1.8 \u00b1 0.3, p = 0.94). Similarly, no statistically significant differences in terms of serum leptin levels and leptin\/BMI ratio were observed between patients with dietary energy intake of &lt;30 or \u226730 kcal\/kg\/day and between those with a dietary protein intake of &lt;1.2 or \u22671.2 g\/kg\/day. No significant correlations were found between serum leptin levels and PNA, albumin, cholesterol, total lymphocytes number, weight change, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, ferritin, and complement. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; The present results indicate that mechanisms other than increases in serum leptin levels might be involved in the pathogenesis of HD-related anorexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000078634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,30]],"date-time":"2004-07-30T09:16:15Z","timestamp":1091178975000},"page":"c76-c82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Anorexia and Serum Leptin Levels in Hemodialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Bossola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Muscaritoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venanzio","family":"Valenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Panocchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Tazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Cascino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Laviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Liberatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Lodovica Moussier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Rossi Fanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Luciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.3.847"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.4.1293"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199703)21:2<181::AID-EAT9>3.3.CO;2-T"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.2.561"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)03173-X"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0596-589"}],"container-title":["Nephron Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/78634","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/78634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:16:24Z","timestamp":1745464584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000078634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,17]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000078634","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-2110"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-2110","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,17]]}}}