{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:38:29Z","timestamp":1790185109893,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cerebrovasc Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background and Purpose:&lt;\/i&gt; The influence of stroke subtype on recurrence, and determinants of recurrence-free survival after a first-ever stroke are not fully understood. We aimed to clarify the long-term prognosis by stroke subtypes and to identify determinants for recurrence and death after a first-ever stroke. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; We enrolled 1,732 consecutive patients (men\/women = 1,134\/598, mean age of 65 years) with a first-ever acute stroke who were admitted to our Stroke Care Unit during a period of 20 years. Stroke subtypes were classified as atherothrombotic brain infarction, lacunar infarction, cardioembolic infarction, other type of infarction, and brain hemorrhage. The prognosis was assessed by stroke subtypes. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; During the hospital stay (mean 61 days), 99 patients died: 73 died directly from stroke. A total of 198 patients had recurrent strokes, and 286 died within 3 years after the index stroke. The overall recurrence rate within the first year was 6.5%, which was different among stroke subtypes. Patients with cardioembolic infarction (9.0%) as well as other type of infarction (9.1%) had more recurrent strokes within the initial year compared with the other subtypes. A history of transient ischemic attack (relative risk = 1.38), atrial fibrillation (1.52), ischemic heart disease (1.40), and disability at discharge (2.64) were independent predictors for the recurrence and death within 3 years after the first-ever stroke. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; The recurrence rate was different among stroke subtypes within 1 year after the index stroke. Atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, history of transient ischemic attack, and disability at discharge were important determinants for stroke recurrence and death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000079258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,28]],"date-time":"2004-06-28T08:16:10Z","timestamp":1088410570000},"page":"111-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Long-Term Prognosis, by Stroke Subtypes, after a First-Ever Stroke: A Hospital-Based Study over a 20-Year Period"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Yokota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Minematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takenori","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000154059"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fbmj.296.6618.316"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2Fhs0202.102364"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2800%2902679-9"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2Fhs1101.098524"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2Fhs1201.100209"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.0000056171.55342.FF"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Farchneur.59.2.205"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.0000072985.24967.7F"}],"container-title":["Cerebrovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/79258","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/79258","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:21:41Z","timestamp":1745464901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000079258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000079258","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1015-9770","1421-9786"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-9770","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9786","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004]]}}}