{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:01:49Z","timestamp":1782961309784,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> The local pulmonary balance between the agonist and antagonist of interleukin-1 (IL-1) may influence the development of inflammatory disease and resultant structural damage in a variety of human diseases including adult respiratory distress syndrome and asthma. <i>Objectives:<\/i> We tested the hypothesis that IL-1 cytokines are early markers for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), when measured in tracheal aspirates (TAs) obtained from premature infants being ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome during the first week of life. <i>Methods:<\/i> Serial TAs were collected on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 from 35 preterm infants (16 BPD, 19 non-BPD) in the absence of chorioamnionitis, and were assayed for IL-1 cytokines and leukocytes. <i>Results:<\/i> In spite of comparable maternal demographic and clinical characteristics, premature infants who developed BPD had higher levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (Ra) in their airways on the first day of life. This antagonist IL-1Ra was an early and persistent marker for BPD during the first week of life. The agonist IL-1\u03b2 also increased significantly for BPD patients early, both compared to non-BPD patients, and also within the BPD group. While the early (day 1) IL-1 antagonist\/agonist molar balance offered protection, by days 5 and 7, a threshold for IL-1Ra in the presence of increasing IL-1\u03b2 expression-favored pro-inflammation in the BPD group. <i>Conclusions:<\/i> We conclude that a strong and early expression of airway antagonist (IL-1Ra) proves ultimately to be sub-optimal and non-protective due to the robust expression of airway agonist (IL-1\u03b2) seen by day 5 in premature infants who develop BPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000081504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,26]],"date-time":"2004-10-26T08:05:55Z","timestamp":1098777955000},"page":"82-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Interleukin-1 Balance in the Lungs of Preterm Infants Who Develop Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Deepika K.","family":"Kakkera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa M.","family":"Siddiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance A.","family":"Parton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1359-6101%2802%2900020-5"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.gt.3302040"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Frheumatology%2F40.1.62"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0090-1229%2889%2990010-X"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0022-3476%2898%2970392-0"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-0496%28199711%2924%3A5%3C331%3A%3AAID-PPUL5%3E3.0.CO%3B2-L"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203%2F00006450-199904020-01210"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203%2F00006450-199602000-00007"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJM199301143280207"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0065-2776%2808%2960535-0"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fart.1780360607"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fart.1780370507"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0140-6736%2893%2990006-3"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI114799"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fart.1780390513"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203%2F00006450-199606000-00007"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00007611-199410000-00005"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0002-9378%2897%2970276-X"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089%2Fjir.1996.16.365"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI114622"}],"container-title":["Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/81504","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/81504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:45:38Z","timestamp":1745466338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000081504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000081504","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-7800","1661-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1661-7800","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005]]}}}