{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:17:41Z","timestamp":1773152261882,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Vasc Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> We previously reported that protein kinase C (PKC)-\u03b4 was initially translocated from the cytosol to the membrane fraction (on day 4), followed by PKC-\u03b1, with the progression of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on day 7. Rho\/Rho-kinase pathways have also been proposed to be involved in the vasospasm. Thus we investigated the interactive role of Rho-kinase and PKC in the development of cerebral vasospasm after SAH. <i>Methods:<\/i> The cerebral vasospasm was produced using a \u2018two-hemorrhage\u2019 canine model. The animals were treated with Y-27632, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, and rottlerin, a PKC-\u03b4 inhibitor, both injected into the cisterna magna. <i>Results:<\/i> Y-27632 inhibited the vasospasm, 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC<sub>20<\/sub>) phosphorylation, and PKC-\u03b4 translocation after the second injection of autologous blood on day 4. In contrast, Y-27632 did not affect the vasospasm on day 7. Rottlerin also inhibited the vasospasm on day 4, but had no effect on MLC<sub>20<\/sub> phosphorylation and RhoA translocation. The vasospasm was accompanied with the phosphorylation of caldesmon (CaD), an actin-linked regulatory protein, which was strongly attenuated by Y-27632 and rottlerin. The application of PKC-\u03b4 to skinned strips of isolated canine basilar arteries caused a contraction and an increase in CaD phosphorylation. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> The development of cerebral vasospasm after SAH (on day 4) is caused by at least two mechanisms: one involves MLC<sub>20<\/sub> phosphorylation mediated by the inhibition of MLC<sub>20<\/sub> phosphatase by Rho-kinase, and the other CaD phosphorylation mediated by the activation of PKC-\u03b4 by Rho-kinase, which results in the alleviation of the inhibition by CaD of myosin Mg<sup>2+<\/sup>-ATPase activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000083093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,20]],"date-time":"2005-01-20T08:44:42Z","timestamp":1106210682000},"page":"67-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Interactive Role of Protein Kinase C-\u03b4 with Rho-Kinase in the Development of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Canine Two-Hemorrhage Model"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Obara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Nishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayo","family":"Koide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayo","family":"Nozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Mitate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohisa","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00004647-200108000-00001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0014-2999%2800%2900311-3"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000070714"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00006123-200002000-00033"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.RES.0000066663.12256.B2"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171%2Fjns.1983.58.1.0011"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1469-7793.1997.427bh.x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170%2Fjjphysiol.49.175"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074%2Fjbc.272.16.10704"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1432-1033.1990.tb15427.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074%2Fjbc.M103206200"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.273.5272.245"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042%2F0264-6021%3A3510095"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0003-9861%2891%2990232-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vascular Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/83093","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/83093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:29:29Z","timestamp":1745465369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000083093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000083093","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-1172","1423-0135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-1172","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005]]}}}