{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:44:09Z","timestamp":1791827049324,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aims:&lt;\/i&gt; Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) in children is frequently associated with allergy and immunoglobulin E (IgE) production. T-helper subtype 2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, have been implicated in the regulation of IgE production. We investigated the associations of gene polymorphisms of IL-4, IL-13, and signal transducer and activator 6 (STAT6) in Indonesian children with MCNS (n = 84) and controls with neither allergic nor renal disease (n = 61). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine the IL-4 promoter gene polymorphism (\u2013590C\/T) and IL-13 gene polymorphism (4257G\/A), and direct sequencing was used for the STAT6 3S untranslated region (2964G\/A) polymorphism. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; There was a significant difference between the MCNS group and the controls in the genotypic distribution of IL-4 and IL-13 gene polymorphism. In the case of the IL-4 promoter gene, the frequency of the CC homozygote was significantly lower in the MCNS group than in the controls, while, in the case of IL-13, the frequency of the GG homozygote was significantly lower in the MCNS group. However, there was no difference between the MCNS group and the controls in the STAT6 gene polymorphism. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; The genetic variations in the IL-4 and IL-13 genes may be associated with predisposition to MCNS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000083729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,7]],"date-time":"2005-02-07T11:44:58Z","timestamp":1107776698000},"page":"30-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Polymorphism of the Interleukin-4, Interleukin-13, and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 Genes in Indonesian Children with Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Bishnu","family":"Acharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiro","family":"Shirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardanykusuma","family":"Pungky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parlin","family":"Damanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muh. 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