{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T04:50:15Z","timestamp":1761540615133,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,10]],"date-time":"2005-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,10]],"date-time":"2005-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron Exp Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Previous studies found that transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) plays a conflicting role in peritoneal fibrosis. We hypothesise that TGF-\u03b2 acts on peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) via VEGF and CTGF as downstream mediators. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; The effect of TGF-\u03b2 in primary culture of rat PMC was studied. VEGF and CTGF mRNA expression was examined by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR), and VEGF antigen level in cell supernatant by ELISA. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Incubation of rat PMC with TGF-\u03b2 resulted in a time- (3\u201372 h) and concentration- (0\u201350 pg\/ml) dependent increase in VEGF mRNA expression, and VEGF protein level in the cell supernatant. When stimulated with TGF-\u03b2 100 pg\/ml, there was a 20-fold up-regulation of VEGF mRNA expression (p &lt; 0.001). The CTGF mRNA expression and protein level of PMC was slightly increased at low concentration of TGF-\u03b2 (50 pg\/ml) but decreased at a higher concentration (100 pg\/ml or above). The effect of TGF-\u03b2 on PMC CTGF, but not VEGF, gene expression was inhibited by Smad decoy oligodeoxynucleotide. The effect of TGF-\u03b2 on PMC VEGF gene expression and protein synthesis was inhibited by PD98059 (a specific MAP kinase inhibitor) and chelerythrine (a specific protein kinase C inhibitor), but not cholera toxin (activator of cyclic AMP) or herbimycin A (inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase). The up-regulation of CTGF mRNA expression was inhibited by PD98059, but not chelerythrine, cholera toxin or herbimycin A. Furthermore, CTGF gene expression in TGF-\u03b2-stimulated PMC was inhibited by co-administration of recombinant VEGF. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; Our data demonstrate that TGF-\u03b2 induces PMC production of VEGF and CTGF via different signalling pathways. At high concentration of TGF-\u03b2, VEGF production predominates and CTGF production was inhibited. Since CTGF and VEGF have different biologic effects, our results may explain the complex activity of TGF-\u03b2 in peritoneal physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000083889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,11]],"date-time":"2005-02-11T05:58:20Z","timestamp":1108101500000},"page":"e95-e104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Differential Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta on the Synthesis of Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor by Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Cheuk-Chun","family":"Szeto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ka-Bik","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ming","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol Yi-Ki","family":"Szeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa Yuk-Hwa","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip Kam-Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000013488"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000013397"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1359-6101%2897%2900010-5"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1755.1999.00610.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006%2Fjmcc.2000.1215"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1755.2003.00069.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1755.2001.00933.x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs11926-002-0009-x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1755.2000.00301.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJMoa020809"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0945-053X%2802%2900055-0"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000033611.79556.AE"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074%2Fjbc.M210366200"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fndt%2Fgfg141"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.111614398"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fndt%2F17.4.548"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0022-2143%2899%2990116-6"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1755.2002.00143.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2899%2901642-7"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000013488"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000073675"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fjcp.10378"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0003-9861%2803%2900225-X"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074%2Fjbc.M006509200"}],"container-title":["Nephron Experimental Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/83889","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/83889","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:37:20Z","timestamp":1745465840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000083889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,10]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000083889","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-2129"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-2129"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,10]]}}}