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In the other four conditions, the target disyllables of the Intact condition were excised from the original carrier sentence (Excised); embedded in the carrier sentence of the other rate (Mismatch); presented only with the preceding three syllables (Preceding), and presented only with the following three syllables (Following). The accuracy for identifying the word types was higher for the Intact than Excised and Mismatch conditions, indicating that the presence of the carrier sentence with an appropriate rate was important for accurate identification.It was also found that either the preceding or the following short phrase contained sufficient information for identifying the word types. Further, there were effects of the preceding and following phrases on both the first and second vowels of the targets, suggesting that the distant speech materials more than two phonemes away from a target in both sides can affect identification accuracy. Implications are discussed in terms of the adjacency principle for rate normalization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000084157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,11]],"date-time":"2005-04-11T10:44:07Z","timestamp":1113216247000},"page":"177-200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Role of Word-External Contexts in Native Speakers\u2019 Identification of Vowel Length in Japanese"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Yukari","family":"Hirata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colgate University , Hamilton, N.Y., USA; bUniversity of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, f ukushima , Japan"}]},{"given":"Stephen G.","family":"Lambacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colgate University , Hamilton, N.Y., USA; bUniversity of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, f ukushima , Japan"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1_121","first-page":"648","volume":"51","author":"Ainsworth W. 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