{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T13:06:00Z","timestamp":1784120760819,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"Suppl. 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In healthy adults insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels do not differ between males and females, whereas spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion is approximately twofold higher in females. Untreated GH-deficient (GHD) women exhibit lower IGF-I levels compared with men and the increase in serum IGF-I during GH replacement is also significantly less. These data suggest a resistance to GH in women, which in healthy subjects is compensated for by increased GH secretion. Administration of oral oestrogen in healthy postmenopausal women suppresses hepatic IGF-I production and increases pituitary GH release, and oral oestrogen replacement in women with GHD lowers IGF-I concentrations and increases the amount of GH necessary to achieve IGF-I target levels during treatment. These data clearly suggest that hepatic suppression of IGF-I production by oestrogen subserves the gender difference in GH sensitivity, but it is also likely that sex steroids may interact with the GH\/IGF axis at other levels. There is also circumstantial evidence to indicate that testosterone stimulates IGF-I production and it is speculated that a certain threshold level of androgens is essential to ensure hepatic IGF-I production. Whether these data should translate into earlier discontinuation of oestrogen replacement therapy in women with hypopituitarism merits consideration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000087752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,15]],"date-time":"2005-11-15T07:33:49Z","timestamp":1132040029000},"page":"37-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sex Steroids and the Growth Hormone\/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Axis in Adults"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Jens O.L.","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Juel","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esben","family":"Vestergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne","family":"Fisker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Ovesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Sandahl","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1365-2265.1998.00424.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530%2Feje.0.1410601"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fjc.82.2.550"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fjcem-64-1-51"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fjc.82.11.3612"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fjc.83.5.1662"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fjcem-72-2-374"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1365-2265.1993.tb02410.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.0337600100"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fjc.84.11.3956"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0002-9343%2880%2990470-2"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530%2Feje.0.1480443"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530%2Feje.0.1500481"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fjc.77.3.776"}],"container-title":["Hormone Research in Paediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/87752","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/87752","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:24:19Z","timestamp":1745465059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000087752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl. 2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000087752","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-2818","1663-2826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-2818","type":"print"},{"value":"1663-2826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005]]}}}