{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:14:38Z","timestamp":1790468078002,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"abstract":"<i>Aims:<\/i> Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is urine\u2019s most abundant protein, but its biological function has remained elusive. Recently, THP-deficient (THP<sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/sup>) mice were shown to have difficulty clearing <i>Escherichia coli <\/i>from the urinary bladder. It has remained unclear if interaction between THP and <i>E. coli<\/i> is specific for <i>E. coli<\/i> or if THP has a versatile ability to clear a variety of bacteria from the bladder, and act as a broad host-defense mechanism against urinary tract infection (UTI). In this study, we examined the role of THP as a protective factor against UTI caused by bacteria other than <i>E. coli<\/i>, namely <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i> and <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus<\/i> by determining if the THP<sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/sup> mouse has difficulty clearing these bacteria from its bladder. <i>Methods:<\/i> THP gene knockout mice were generated by the technique of homologous recombination. <i>K. pneumoniae <\/i>and <i>S. saprophyticus<\/i> were introduced transurethrally, in separate experiments, into the bladders of the THP<sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/sup> and genetically similar wild-type (THP<sup>+\/+<\/sup>) mice. Urine was collected at periodic intervals and cultured to quantitate the degree of bacteriuria. Bladders were surgically removed and examined histomorphometrically to determine the intensity of inflammation. <i>Results:<\/i> Results showed that both with <i>K. pneumoniae<\/i> and with <i>S. saprophyticus<\/i>, the THP<sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/sup> mice had more severe bacteriuria in comparison with THP<sup>+\/+<\/sup> mice. The inflammatory changes in the bladder were also markedly more intense in THP<sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/sup> mice with each of the bacterial species. <i>Conclusions:<\/i> These findings support the hypothesis that THP helps eliminate <i>K. pneumoniae <\/i>and <i>S. saprophyticus<\/i> from the urinary tract and acts as a general host-defense factor against UTI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000088990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]],"date-time":"2005-10-19T10:43:33Z","timestamp":1129718613000},"page":"570-578","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Tamm-Horsfall Protein Acts as a General Host-Defense Factor against Bacterial Cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hajamohideen S.","family":"Raffi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Bates, Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Laszik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0002-9343%2802%2901054-9"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fjac%2F46.suppl_1.1"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0272-6386%2803%2900829-1"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1432-1033.1992.tb17362.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF01119663"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074%2Fjbc.M001534200"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000030292"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.3498215"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2880%2991396-3"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074%2Fjbc.M008610200"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1523-1755.2004.00452.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152%2Fajprenal.00357.2003"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0891-5520%2805%2970371-8"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF00294495"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fjmg.39.12.882"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fndt%2Fgfh851"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1523-1755.2004.00845.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/88990","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/88990","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:35:12Z","timestamp":1745465712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000088990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000088990","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0250-8095","1421-9670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0250-8095","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005]]}}}