{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T04:10:38Z","timestamp":1745554238028,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,23]],"date-time":"2005-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1135296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,23]],"date-time":"2005-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1135296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Blood Purif"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibrosis plays a role in the pathogenesis of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). The inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, which promotes fibrosis, has become the standard of care in the treatment of patients with CKD. A novel charcoal compound, AST-120, has been used for over a decade in Japan to prevent progression of CKD. It is thought that the oral administration of AST-120 blocks the intestinal absorption of tryptophan-derived indole. This prevents the hepatic conversion of indole to indoxyl sulfate (IS). IS has been shown to stimulate the production of profibrotic cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta. AST-120 lowers IS in a dose dependent fashion and does not change the creatinine appearance rate in the urine. Enteric capsules containing Bifidobacterium longum have been shown to prevent progression of CKD in a preliminary study. These findings suggest that prospective clinical trials be undertaken to determine if these other potential methods of inhibiting fibrosis are useful in slowing progressive CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000089451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T15:40:16Z","timestamp":1135179616000},"page":"143-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Nexus of Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Charcoal, Tryptophan and Profibrotic Cytokines"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Gerald","family":"Schulman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJM199311113292004"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2898%2910363-X"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJMoa011161"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJMoa011303"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJMoa011489"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1755.2003.00924.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fndt%2F15.11.1773"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1755.2003.00906.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000022017.96399.B2"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000186222"}],"container-title":["Blood Purification"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/89451","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/89451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:40:26Z","timestamp":1745466026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000089451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,23]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000089451","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0253-5068","1421-9735"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0253-5068"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9735"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,23]]}}}