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They bind to Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-responsive integrins with high affinity (n&lt;i&gt;M&lt;\/i&gt; range) and block integrin function. Contortrostatin (CN), the disintegrin from southern copperhead venom, is a homodimer with a molecular weight of 13,500. Each chain contains 65 amino acids with an Arg-Gly-Asp motif. CN has anti-invasive and anti-adhesive activity on tumor cells and endothelial cells in vitro, and binds to integrins \u03b1v\u03b23, \u03b1v\u03b25, and\/or \u03b15\u03b21. In vivo studies using the human metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435, in an orthotopic xenograft model in nude mice, revealed that CN has potent anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activity. Recent studies have employed an intravenous liposomal delivery procedure. Liposomal delivery of CN has also been shown to provide effective in vivo anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activity in a human ovarian cancer animal model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000092418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,26]],"date-time":"2006-05-26T13:49:21Z","timestamp":1148651361000},"page":"169-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Contortrostatin, a Snake Venom Disintegrin with Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Tumor Activity"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Swenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis S.","family":"Markland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0092-8674%2892%2990115-S"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.7512751"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI118227"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.98.4.1853"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021%2Fbi00428a037"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.1862345"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0049-3848%2894%2990052-3"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006%2Fabbi.1999.1682"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006%2Fbbrc.1999.1965"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.270.5241.1500"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021%2Fbi962894z"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1006457903545"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006%2Fgyno.2000.5925"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1009059210733"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000048062"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FB%3AAGEN.0000021396.47009.b0"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1994.tb12041.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fijc.2910550507"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fjnci%2F84.24.1875"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJM197108122850711"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2F362841a0"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.301.5632.452"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00004347-199707000-00011"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI200317929"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fannonc%2Fmdf093"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnrc724"}],"container-title":["Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/92418","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/92418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:03:35Z","timestamp":1745463815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000092418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4-5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000092418","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8832","1424-8840"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8832","type":"print"},{"value":"1424-8840","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005]]}}}