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Das vom Erreger &lt;i&gt;Clostridium botulinum&lt;\/i&gt; gebildete Neurotoxin besteht aus einer schweren Kette, die f\u00fcr die Internalisierung des Toxins ins Zytosol an der Nervenendigung verantwortlich ist, und aus einer leichten Kette, die die Fusion der acetylcholinhaltigen Vesikel mit der Zellmembran und somit dessen Aussch\u00fcttung in den synaptischen Spalt verhindert. Die daraus resultierende Chemodenervation nach zystoskopischer Botulinumneurotoxin-Injektion in den Musculus detrusor vesicae f\u00fchrt zu einer eindr\u00fccklichen Reduktion der Beschwerden der \u00fcberaktiven Blase. Klinische Studien zeigen Erfolgsraten zwischen 60 und 96% bei der neurogenen und nicht neurogenen \u00fcberaktiven Blase. 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