{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:06:55Z","timestamp":1790435215257,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychother Psychosom"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of the cognitive-restructuring technique \u2018lucid dreaming treatment\u2019 (LDT) on chronic nightmares. Becoming lucid (realizing that one is dreaming) during a nightmare allows one to alter the nightmare storyline during the nightmare itself. <i>Methods:<\/i> After having filled out a sleep and a posttraumatic stress disorder questionnaire, 23 nightmare sufferers were randomly divided into 3 groups; 8 participants received one 2-hour individual LDT session, 8 participants received one 2-hour group LDT session, and 7 participants were placed on the waiting list. LDT consisted of exposure, mastery, and lucidity exercises. Participants filled out the same questionnaires 12 weeks after the intervention (follow-up). <i>Results:<\/i> At follow-up the nightmare frequency of both treatment groups had decreased. There were no significant changes in sleep quality and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity. Lucidity was not necessary for a reduction in nightmare frequency. <i>Conclusions:<\/i> LDT seems effective in reducing nightmare frequency, although the primary therapeutic component (i.e. exposure, mastery, or lucidity) remains unclear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000095446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,19]],"date-time":"2006-10-19T02:30:39Z","timestamp":1161225039000},"page":"389-394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Lucid Dreaming Treatment for Nightmares: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Victor I.","family":"Spoormaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"van den Bout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.91.4.540"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FB%3ADREM.0000005912.77493.d6"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-8628%2819990820%2988%3A4%3C329%3A%3AAID-AJMG8%3E3.0.CO%3B2-E"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000077738"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00005053-199510000-00002"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037%2F0021-843X.101.2.246"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037%2F0021-843X.109.2.273"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1009468517557"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0006-3223%2800%2901087-8"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1007733324351"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037%2F0022-006X.51.6.870"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0005-7916%2878%2990054-X"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192%2Fbjp.165.3.388"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192%2Fbjp.172.3.257"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0005-7967%2895%2900009-M"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192%2Fbjp.133.5.461"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1007854015481"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Fjama.286.5.537"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.paid.2004.02.003"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0272-7358%2887%2990041-9"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000289106"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1025325529560"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0924-977X%2896%2987936-3"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0191-8869%2802%2900327-6"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207%2Fs15402010bsm0304_4"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177%2F000306517001800401"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037%2F0021-843X.109.2.273"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037%2F1053-0797.14.4.195"}],"container-title":["Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/95446","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/95446","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T22:41:29Z","timestamp":1745448089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000095446"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000095446","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3190","1423-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3190","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0348","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}}}