{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:22:58Z","timestamp":1789597378635,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Nutr Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> A vegetarian diet is considered to promote health and longevity and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, a vegetarian diet may be deficient in some nutrients. Exclusion of animal products in vegetarian diets may affect the status of certain B-vitamins, and further cause the rise of plasma homocysteine concentration. <i>Objective:<\/i> The nutritional status of various B-vitamins (B<sub>1<\/sub>, B<sub>2<\/sub>, B<sub>6<\/sub>, B<sub>12<\/sub>, folic acid) and the concentration of homocysteine in blood plasma of omnivores (n = 40), vegetarians (n = 36) and vegans (n = 42) in Austria was evaluated. <i>Methods:<\/i> The evaluation was done using the functional parameters erythrocyte transketolase (ETK), glutathione reductase (EGR) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (EGOT) activation coefficients. Enzyme activity was measured photometrically. The quantity of vitamins B<sub>1<\/sub>, B<sub>2<\/sub> and B<sub>6<\/sub> in urine and the concentrations of vitamin B<sub>6<\/sub> and homocysteine in plasma were determined by HPLC methods with fluorescence detection. Plasma concentration of vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> and folic acid were measured with radioimmunoassay. <i>Results:<\/i> Most of the subjects showed a satisfying vitamin B<sub>1<\/sub> status. Vegans presented a significantly lower mean plasma vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> concentration than omnivores and vegetarians and deficiency in 2.4% of the volunteers but the highest mean value of plasma folate among the investigated groups. A deficient status of folate was found in 18% of omnivores and in approximately 10% of vegans and vegetarians. The status of riboflavin is considered to be deficient in about 10% of omnivores and vegetarians and in over 30% of vegans. According to the activation coefficient of GOT, approximately one third of all subjects showed vitamin B<sub>6<\/sub> deficiency. Elevated homocysteine concentration in plasma was observed in 66% of the vegans and about 45\u201350% of the omnivores and vegetarians. Vegan subjects had significantly higher mean plasma homocysteine levels than omnivores. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> Thiamin and folate need not be a problem in a well-planned vegan diet. Vitamins B<sub>12<\/sub> and B<sub>2<\/sub> may need attention in the strict vegan diet, especially regarding elevated homocysteine levels in plasma. Pyridoxine status appeared to be independent of the diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000095828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,20]],"date-time":"2006-09-20T10:42:19Z","timestamp":1158748939000},"page":"485-491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["B-Vitamin Status and Concentrations of Homocysteine in Austrian Omnivores, Vegetarians and Vegans"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Majchrzak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"M\u00e4nner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Rust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Genser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.-H.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Elmadfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fjada.2003.50142"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1601629"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00394-003-0387-5"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0378-4347%2899%2900469-7"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0378-4347%2891%2980407-4"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0378-4347%2891%2980044-D"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000057644"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000012827"}],"container-title":["Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/95828","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/95828","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:46:28Z","timestamp":1745462788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000095828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000095828","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0250-6807","1421-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0250-6807","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}}}