{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T21:30:00Z","timestamp":1775683800393,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"abstract":"Previous studies have shown that interleukin-1 (IL-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration to animals induces behavioral changes, including a reduction in feeding. These effects of IL-1 and LPS have been shown to be sensitive to inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX). <i>Objectives:<\/i> To determine the relationships between induction of COX-2 in the brain with IL-1\u03b2- and LPS-induced changes in body temperature, plasma corticosterone and feeding. <i>Methods:<\/i> Mice were injected with intraperitoneal doses of IL-1\u03b2 and LPS that decreased feeding. The induction of COX-2 was studied immunocytochemically in the brain, in parallel with core body temperature, the drinking of sweetened milk, and plasma concentrations of corticosterone. <i>Results:<\/i> COX-2 immunoreactivity (ir) was sparse in the brains of the untreated mice, but IL-1\u03b2 and LPS both increased its expression. This COX-2 induction appeared to be confined to blood vessels, and was not markedly region specific. Induction was evident 30 min after IL-1 or LPS, and was greater at 90 than at 30 min. COX-2-ir in the parenchyma did not change significantly. Thus induction of COX-2 occurred in brain endothelia in parallel with the reduction in feeding. This is consistent with the previously determined sensitivity of IL-1-induced changes in feeding to selective COX-2 inhibitors, and the responses to IL-1 in COX-2-deficient mice. The time courses of the IL-1- and LPS-induced increases in plasma corticosterone paralleled those in the reduction in milk drinking, however, the changes in body temperature appeared later. <i>Conclusions:<\/i> Endothelial COX-2 may be involved in IL-1- and LPS-induced decreases in milk drinking, and possibly in the HPA axis activation. The decreased milk drinking may occur when IL-1 and LPS bind to receptors on brain endothelial cells subsequently inducing COX-2 and the production of prostanoids which elicit the reductions in milk drinking. Thus the behavioral effects of peripherally administered IL-1 and LPS appear to be mediated by multiple mechanisms, including endothelial COX-2, and vagal afferents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000096291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,19]],"date-time":"2006-10-19T06:30:39Z","timestamp":1161239439000},"page":"96-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Reduced Ingestion of Sweetened Milk Induced by Interleukin-1 and Lipopolysaccharide Is Associated with Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Brain Endothelia"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur H.","family":"Swiergiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006%2Fbrbi.2001.0643"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0091-3057%2896%2900335-8"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F1097-0142%2819930115%2971%3A2%3C486%3A%3AAID-CNCR2820710233%3E3.0.CO%3B2-A"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0031-9384%2893%2990020-G"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124%2Fjpet.102.036640"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0091-3057%2801%2900577-9"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0361-9230%2802%2900951-6"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0006-8993%2896%2900575-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0006-8993%2898%2900402-8"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2000.tb05426.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0006-8993%2899%2901225-1"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0361-9230%2892%2990148-Q"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000026418"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.tox.2004.04.015"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0024-3205%2895%2902047-M"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2005.05.012"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006%2Fbrbi.2000.0613"}],"container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/96291","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/96291","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:51:13Z","timestamp":1745463073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000096291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000096291","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1021-7401","1423-0216"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1021-7401","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0216","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}}}