{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:58:44Z","timestamp":1745470724105,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,8]],"date-time":"2006-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,8]],"date-time":"2006-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gynecol Obstet Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; The aim of the present study was to identify a possible association between tubal pathology and the contraceptive methods previously used, especially third generation copper intrauterine devices (IUDs). &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;\/i&gt; In this retrospective unmatched case-control study, use of contraceptive methods and &lt;i&gt;Chlamydia&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;trachomatis&lt;\/i&gt; antibody titres were compared in women with tubal occlusion (n = 84) and infertile women with tubal patency (n = 253) demonstrated by hysterosalpingography. Contraceptive methods were also compared to primiparous women with natural pregnancy. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; A significantly higher percentage of women with tubal occlusion had previously used an IUD. Positive &lt;i&gt;C. trachomatis&lt;\/i&gt; antibody testing was found significantly more often in women with tubal occlusion. Neither hormonal contraceptives nor condoms were associated with an increased risk for uni- or bilateral tubal occlusion. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; In the present study, we observed an increased rate of tubal occlusions in previous IUD users. This should be considered in the contraceptive counseling of young and nulliparous women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000096863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,8]],"date-time":"2006-11-08T10:54:41Z","timestamp":1162983281000},"page":"114-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tubal Pathology: The Role of Hormonal Contraception, Intrauterine Device Use and &lt;i&gt;Chlamydia trachomatis&lt;\/i&gt; Infection"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Gabriele S.","family":"Merki-Feld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gosewinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Imthurn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Leeners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Fjama.250.6.759"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0140-6736%2892%2991904-M"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJMoa010438"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0306-5456%2800%2900075-9"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2800%2902699-4"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Fjama.248.2.184"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067%2Fmob.2001.115862"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00007435-199503000-00001"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F%28SICI%291098-0997%281999%297%3A3%3C145%3A%3AAID-IDOG6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-6"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2003.03.002"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00001432-200402000-00010"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fhumrep%2F16.3.487"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fhumrep%2F15.5.1079"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0029-7844%2899%2900541-4"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0010-7824%2898%2900064-X"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00007435-199503000-00001"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0015-0282%2897%2981435-5"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2003.03.002"}],"container-title":["Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/96863","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/96863","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:57:27Z","timestamp":1745463447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000096863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,8]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000096863","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7346","1423-002X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0378-7346"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-002X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,8]]}}}