{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T13:00:11Z","timestamp":1777986011769,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> Emphysematous renal tract disease (ERTD) is a rare necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and urinary tract caused by gas-producing organisms. ERTD deserves special attention because of its life-threatening potential. <i>Objectives:<\/i> To study the clinical features, radiological classification and prognostic factors of ERTD; and to compare the modalities of management and the outcome among the various radiological classes of ERTD. <i>Patients and Methods:<\/i> Twenty consecutive patients with diabetes and ERTD, seen over last 3 years in a tertiary care institute of north India, were included in the study. All patients were subjected to computerized tomography (CT) after initial diagnosis by ultrasonography. They were classified into 5 classes as previously described. All patients included in the study were conservatively managed with appropriate antibiotics and\/or percutaneous drainage or surgery if required. <i>Result:<\/i> Mean age (\u00b1 SD) of these subjects was 54.4 \u00b1 20.6 years; duration of diabetes mellitus 8.6 \u00b1 5.8 years, and duration of symptoms related with ERTD ranged from 3 days to 3 months. Two patients had isolated emphysematous cystitis, 13 patients had emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), 3 had both EPN and cystitis, and 1 patient had EPN with cholecystitis, and 1 patient had EPN with pyomyositis. Only 7 (35%) patients had a history of pneumaturia. <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> was the commonest microorganism. The radiological distribution in 18 (2 had isolated cystitis) patients with EPN was: 2 patients had class 1; 1 had class 2; 2 had class 3A; 11 had class 3B, and 2 had class 4. Of 20 patients 11 (55%) survived. However, those patients who died had severe EPN based on radiological class (6 had class 3B and 1 had class 4). There was no significant difference between the survivor and non-survivor groups with respect to age, gender, duration of diabetes mellitus, duration of symptoms, serum creatinine level, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, platelet count and culture positivity. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> Computerized tomographic class 3B or 4 is the most reliable predictor of outcome in patients with ERTD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000096929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,29]],"date-time":"2006-12-29T15:28:38Z","timestamp":1167406118000},"page":"13-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Presentation and Outcome of Emphysematous Renal Tract Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Pinaki","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Bhansali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.L.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.H.","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.R.","family":"Masoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yashwant","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1399-3046.2004.00276.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1464-410X.1995.tb07237.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0009-9260%2803%2900295-2"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1464-410X.1993.tb16002.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0009-9260%2888%2980071-0"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000168826"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fpgmj.74.870.241"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0002-9343%2892%2990235-4"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0090-4295%2896%2900501-8"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109%2F02841858909174687"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Farchinte.160.6.797"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0022-5347%2801%2963919-3"}],"container-title":["Urologia Internationalis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/96929","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/96929","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:58:15Z","timestamp":1745463495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000096929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000096929","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-1138","1423-0399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-1138","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0399","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}}}