{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:39:06Z","timestamp":1777927146454,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,8]],"date-time":"1996-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":847411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,8]],"date-time":"1996-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":847411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The brain is an immune-privileged site. To understand the mechanism of immune privilege in the brain, human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined for characteristics associated with fluids derived from other immune-privileged tissues. We first assayed for CSF suppression of effector T cell inflammatory activities. Primed T cells were activated with antigen and antigen-presenting cells in the presence of normal human or rabbit CSF, and T cell proliferation and interferon-\u03b3production were assayed. Human and rabbit CSF enhanced antigen-stimulated lymph node T cell proliferation and human CSF suppressed IFN-\u03b3production. T cell proliferation was suppressed by a low molecular weight (&lt;5 kDA) fraction of CSF and by transiently acidified unfractionated CSF. Normal CSF, similar to fluids from other immune-privileged sites, has the capacity to suppress production of proinflammatory lym-phokines by antigen-stimulated effector T cells. Normal CSF also contains factors that have the potential to suppress effector T cell proliferation. Human CSF was assayed for factors known to mediate immunosuppression in other immune-privileged sites. Human CSF contained the immunosuppressive cytokine-transforming growth factor-\u03b2(1.7\u00b10.6 ng\/ml), and the immunosuppressive neuropeptides \u03b1-melanocyte stimulating hormone (60\u00b111 pg\/ ml), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (42\u00b13 ng\/ml). Much as fluids from other immune-privileged sites, CSF contains immunosuppressive cytokines that prevent activation of inflammatory-mediating (delayed-type hypersensitivity) T cells. This suggests that, similar to other immune-privileged sites, cytokines and neuropeptides mediate immunosuppression in the brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000097235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,2]],"date-time":"2008-06-02T07:26:06Z","timestamp":1212391566000},"page":"112-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Inhibition of Antigen-Stimulated Effector T Cells by Human Cerebrospinal Fluid"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Wayne","family":"Streilein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,8]]},"container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/97235","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000097235","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:36:07Z","timestamp":1777674967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000097235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000097235","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1021-7401","1423-0216"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1021-7401","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0216","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,8]]}}}