{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:20:46Z","timestamp":1762176046854,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background and Aims:&lt;\/i&gt; The incidence of oesophageal cancer has doubled in the last three decades. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be protective, whilst bronchodilators and calcium channel blockers that relax the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) may increase gastro-oesophageal reflux and the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. We conducted a case-control study to examine the association between the use of NSAIDs and drugs which relax the LOS and the risk of oesophageal cancer. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; In Norfolk, 411 patients with a primary neoplasm of the oesophagus or cardia were matched with 1,644 controls with non-melanotic skin lesions. Data on the use of NSAIDs, bronchodilators and calcium channel blockers was collected. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Intake of NSAIDs was less in cases of oesophageal cancer as compared to the control group. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for different NSAIDs were as follows: aspirin 0.35 (0.24\u20130.51); other NSAIDs 0.25 (0.16\u20130.40), and Cox-2 inhibitors 0.46 (0.20\u20130.94). LOS-relaxing drugs were consumed more frequently in cases of oesophageal cancer as compared to the controls. The OR for LOS-relaxing drugs was: inhaled bronchodilators 3.2 (95% CI 2.2\u20134.7); theophylline 1.9 (95% CI 1.3\u20135.1), and calcium channel blockers 2.4 (95% CI 1.2\u20135.0). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; Within the limitations of a case-control study using patients with non-melanotic skin lesions as controls, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that oesophageal cancer has a negative association with NSAID use, and a positive association with drugs that relax the LOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000097947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]],"date-time":"2006-12-15T15:03:55Z","timestamp":1166195035000},"page":"109-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Lower Oesophageal Sphincter-Relaxing Drugs and Oesophageal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Satish","family":"Ranka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny M.","family":"Gee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian T.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fgut.2004.043265"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0215%2820000201%2985%3A3%3C340%3A%3AAID-IJC8%3E3.0.CO%3B2-N"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1011290704728"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fjnci%2F90.2.150"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.regpep.2006.02.001"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054%2Fbjoc.2000.1121"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054%2Fbjoc.2001.2147"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fgast.2003.50008"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.119.1_suppl.39S"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.bjc.6600760"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1542-3565%2804%2900389-1"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJM199903183401101"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI119018"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fgast.2002.30993"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1207084"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0016-5085%2800%2970254-X"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1572-0241.2005.41703.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fgut.2004.040337"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00004836-198708000-00006"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF02239282"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1470-2045%2805%2970431-9"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fcarcin%2Fbgh184"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1365-2036.2005.02667.x"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fcarcin%2Fbgi026"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fijc.11225"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1572-0241.2006.00539.x"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034%2Fj.1398-9995.2000.00508.x"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.127.4.1227"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0142%2819981115%2983%3A10%3C2049%3A%3AAID-CNCR1%3E3.0.CO%3B2-2"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1365-2036.2003.01520.x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fgut.33.7.872"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF01391441"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0142%2819971015%2980%3A8%3C1438%3A%3AAID-CNCR11%3E3.0.CO%3B2-6"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2896%2904277-8"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0959-8049%2802%2900157-0"}],"container-title":["Digestion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/97947","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/97947","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:26:24Z","timestamp":1745461584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000097947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000097947","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-2823","1421-9867"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0012-2823"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9867"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}}}