{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:55:44Z","timestamp":1758819344559,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Purpose:&lt;\/i&gt; Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is a developmental abnormality of the medullary pyramids of the kidney, characterised by cystic dilatations of the collecting ducts. We investigated a cohort of patients with MSK to gain further information about its presentation, clinical course and treatment required. We devised a grading system based upon findings at diagnostic intravenous urography (IVU) and established a relationship between severity of IVU findings and severity of disease. &lt;i&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; The clinical notes and imaging of 29 patients with MSK were analysed. The severity of IVU findings was classified as follows: grade 1 (one calyx, unilateral), grade 2 (one calyx, bilateral), grade 3 (more than one calyx, unilateral) and grade 4 (more than one calyx, bilateral). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; The age range at diagnosis was 12\u201369 (mean 39), mean follow-up period was 12.7 years. Increasing grade of IVU findings correlated with more frequent symptomatic stone episodes (grade 1: 0.09 episodes per patient per year; grade 4: 0.34). Higher grade was also related to the number of hospital admissions (grade 1: 0.182 per patient per year; grade 4: 0.282) and the number of procedures required (either surgery or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; grade 1: 0.0 interventions per patient per year; grade 4: 0.24). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; MSK presents over a wide age range and can cause long periods of intermittent episodes. Patients can be graded using a novel system based on IVU findings, which correlates with severity of disease. Management strategies such as intensity of follow-up can be modified using this grading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000099350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,30]],"date-time":"2007-03-30T10:01:34Z","timestamp":1175248894000},"page":"264-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A Review of the Natural Progression of Medullary Sponge Kidney and a Novel Grading System Based on Intravenous Urography Findings"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"J.A.","family":"Forster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.J.","family":"Browning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.S.","family":"Biyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.ki.5000035"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1464-410X.1993.tb15979.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJM198205063061811"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJM198205063061805"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fajkd.2001.24515"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Fjama.245.12.1233"}],"container-title":["Urologia Internationalis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/99350","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/99350","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:40:00Z","timestamp":1745462400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000099350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000099350","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-1138","1423-0399"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0042-1138"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0399"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}}}