{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:00:13Z","timestamp":1761843613689,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> T helper 1 (Th1)\/T helper 2 (Th2)-biased cytokine regulation may be another reason that neonates are much more susceptible to infectious disease than are adults. <i>Objectives:<\/i> We attempted to determine the ability of neonatal mice to direct the Th1 phenotype against <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i> (LM), because LM, an intracellular Gram-positive bacterium, induces profound cellular immunity by Th1 cells in vivo. <i>Methods:<\/i> In order to determine whether neonatal mice evidence strong Th1 activity during LM infection, neonatal mice were compared with adult mice with regard to susceptibility to LM, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, and cytokine profiles. Neonatal gene profiles relevant to Th1 and Th2 differentiation during LM infection were also compared between neonatal and adult mice, via real-time PCR and RT-PCR. <i>Results:<\/i> Neonatal mice were found to be far more susceptible to LM infection than adult mice, due to a lack in the induction of cytotoxic T cell activity, coupled with poor IFN-\u03b3 secretion. Further, LM-infected neonatal mice evidenced much lower levels of expression of Th1-type immune components, including IL-12, IFN-\u03b3, Delta-4 and T-bet, as compared to those features in adult mice. These results may be due to the comparably lower expressions of mannose-bind lectins and some of toll-like receptors (TLRs) such as TLR-5, -6 and -9, necessary mediators to develop Th1 immune responses. <i>Conclusions:<\/i> Neonatal mice may not mount an adequate Th1 type immune response due to a significantly lower expression of Th1-type immune components as compared to adult mice, even when forced into a Th1-prone environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000100806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,14]],"date-time":"2007-03-14T09:53:04Z","timestamp":1173865984000},"page":"83-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An Evaluation of the Neonatal Immune System Using a <i>Listeria<\/i> Infection Model"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Hyun-Jung","family":"Byun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woon-Won","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Bae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee Yong","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donggeun","family":"Sul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Gyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang Woo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taehoon","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1365-2249.2002.01873.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189%2Fjlb.0403179"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.clim.2005.10.012"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1365-2370.2004.00435.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2F430150a"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1023381027062"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fintimm%2Fdxh186"}],"container-title":["Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/100806","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/100806","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:54:42Z","timestamp":1745463282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000100806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000100806","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-7800","1661-7819"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1661-7800"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1661-7819"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}}}