{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T06:51:21Z","timestamp":1773211881167,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"abstract":"<i>Objectives:<\/i> To investigate the possible effect of melatonin (MEL) and zinc on the immune response to <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> retinochoroiditis in the rat model of infection and to establish the possible value of artificial MEL and\/or zinc supplementation as adjunctive therapeutic agents in the treatment of <i>T. gondii<\/i> retinochoroiditis. <i>Methods:<\/i> Eighty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 12 equal groups. All groups, except controls were infected with <i>T. gondii<\/i> parasite by intraperitoneal injection. Combinations of zinc-deficient diet, pinealectomy (Px), and artificial zinc and MEL were supplied during a 1-month period. At the end of the experiment, retinal and choroidal total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell numbers were counted in histological sections. <i>Results:<\/i> The highest amount of cellular infiltration (lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells) in the choroid and retina was detected in infected + MEL + zinc-treated rats, and the least amount of cellular infiltration was observed in Px + zinc-deficient diet-treated rats. Although single zinc or MEL supplementation had no significant impact on the cellular infiltration in the retina and choroid in Px rats, combined therapy significantly improved these responses. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> Artificial supplementation of MEL and zinc should be considered as an adjunctive therapy to classic treatment of <i>Toxoplasma<\/i> retinochoroiditis especially in immunosuppressed and elderly patients if our data are confirmed in a clinical setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000107504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]],"date-time":"2007-10-18T10:17:51Z","timestamp":1192702671000},"page":"421-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effect of Melatonin and Zinc on the Immune Response in Experimental <i>Toxoplasma<\/i> Retinochoroiditis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Avni Murat","family":"Avunduk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Cihat","family":"Avunduk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abd\u00fclkerim Kas\u0131m","family":"Baltac\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasim","family":"Mo\u011fulko\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF01651143"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0047-6374%2800%2900194-9"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0167-5699%2897%2901145-6"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1998.tb09574.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1006868305749"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-8652%28199907%2961%3A3%3C194%3A%3AAID-AJH6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-C"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1600-079X.1993.tb00478.x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0165-5728%2897%2900253-1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0192-0561%2898%2900067-8"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0192-0561%2889%2990187-2"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0165-5728%2894%2990029-9"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF02124114"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006%2Fexer.1998.0655"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0923-2494%2805%2980099-9"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1365-3024.1995.tb01017.x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0923-2494%2805%2980098-7"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2000.tb05402.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F07435809209035401"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.cca.2003.10.008"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/107504","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/107504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:49:29Z","timestamp":1745462969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000107504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000107504","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-3755","1423-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-3755","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}}}