{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T17:06:49Z","timestamp":1771002409987,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,3]],"date-time":"2007-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,3]],"date-time":"2007-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aim:&lt;\/i&gt; Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) has been associated with activation of TGF-\u03b2&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt; and progression to chronic kidney disease. Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) has been associated with activation of T-cells and favorable outcome. Our objective was to distinguish SRNS from SSNS and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) from minimal change disease (MCD) on the basis of urinary cytokine profile. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;\/i&gt; We used a high-throughput cytokine array. ICAM-1 and TGF-\u03b2&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt; in urine and kidney tissue were evaluated by ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Age, gender, race, body mass index, and glomerular filtration rate were similar among groups. There were no statistically significant differences between SRNS (n = 12) and SSNS (n = 12) in regard to the presence of hypertension, treatment with ACE inhibitors, and renal histology. Arrays detected a 1- to 5.5-fold increase in urinary cytokine expression in subjects with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) as compared to controls. Using ELISA, urinary excretion of ICAM-1 was significantly higher in INS subjects than in controls (control group, n = 12; p = 0.005), but it did not differentiate SRNS from SSNS, or FSGS from MCD. IHC failed to reveal differences in renal tissue expression of ICAM-1 among controls, SRNS and SSNS. There were no significant differences among controls, and patients with SRNS and SSNS in the urinary excretion of TGF-\u03b2&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt; (p = 0.21). However, urinary TGF-\u03b2&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt; levels were significantly higher in FSGS than in MCD (p = 0.03), and IHC showed increased immunoreactivity in FSGS. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion: &lt;\/i&gt;Our data indicate that urinary TGF-\u03b2&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt; was able to differentiate between FSGS and MCD but was not a biomarker of steroid responsiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000109396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,4]],"date-time":"2007-10-04T05:47:16Z","timestamp":1191476836000},"page":"83-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Urinary Cytokines and Steroid Responsiveness in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome of Childhood"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Woroniecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim F.","family":"Shatat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Supe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongfang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick J.","family":"Kaskel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1755.2002.00090.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fki.1978.23"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2874%2991880-7"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fki.1988.59"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00467-006-0026-5"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs004670050276"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00467-005-2078-3"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1365-2249.1995.tb03725.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF00202069"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fki.1992.145"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000033611.79556.AE"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1359-6446%2805%2903392-1"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jim.2004.04.012"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000153305"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0090-1229%2882%2990062-9"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fki.1991.293"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1365-3083.1981.tb00196.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF00859637"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fer.17.3.245"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJMra052131"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fng1918"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.hjh.0000160225.01845.26"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/109396","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/109396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:10:39Z","timestamp":1745464239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000109396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000109396","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.5241097","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0250-8095","1421-9670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0250-8095","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,3]]}}}