{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:26:31Z","timestamp":1791203191328,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]],"date-time":"2007-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]],"date-time":"2007-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; The term \u2018mental retardation\u2019 (MR) is outdated and has changed to \u2018intellectual disability\u2019 (ID). Unfortunately, this decision did not follow a nosology approach. The aim of this overview is twofold: (1) to provide a conceptual background and framing on the ID\/MR field to other psychiatrists, and (2) to provide a nosology-based perspective to the debate on the name and concept of MR\/ID. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;\/i&gt; This conceptual paper is based on a literature review and on an iterative process of debate within the WPA Section \u2018Psychiatry of Mental Retardation\u2019. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; ID may be regarded not as a disease or as a disability but as a syndrome grouping (metasyndrome) similar to the construct of dementia. It includes a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions, ranging from genetic to nutritional, infectious, metabolic or neurotoxic conditions. The ID metasyndrome is characterized by a deficit in cognitive functioning prior to the acquisition of skills through learning. The intensity of the deficit is such to interfere in a significant way with individual normal functioning as expressed in limitations in activities and restriction in participation (disabilities). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; The name \u2018developmental cognitive impairment\u2019 is here suggested to coexist with ID for naming the metasyndrome previously called MR following a polysemic-polynomious approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000109950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,19]],"date-time":"2007-10-19T11:00:58Z","timestamp":1192791658000},"page":"10-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["\u2018Mental Retardation\u2019 or \u2018Intellectual Disability\u2019: Time for a Conceptual Change"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Salvador-Carulla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bertelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fmrdd.10039"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1365-2788.2000.00272.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1365-2788.2002.00384.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176%2Fappi.ajp.158.3.447"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352%2F0047-6765%282002%29040%3C0059%3AWIAN%3E2.0.CO%3B2"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352%2F0047-6765%282002%29040%3C0065%3ASRORAJ%3E2.0.CO%3B2"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnn758"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352%2F0047-6765%282002%29040%3C0062%3ATMOMRP%3E2.0.CO%3B2"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352%2F0047-6765%282002%29040%3C0055%3ATDOHIN%3E2.0.CO%3B2"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109%2F15622970309167956"}],"container-title":["Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/109950","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/109950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T01:59:55Z","timestamp":1745459995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000109950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000109950","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-4962","1423-033X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-4962","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-033X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]]}}}