{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T20:24:22Z","timestamp":1773260662373,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,22]],"date-time":"2007-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,22]],"date-time":"2007-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Biofilms are dense aggregates of surface adherent microorganisms embedded in a polysaccharide matrix. Intravenous iron and heparin are thought to promote the formation of biofilm. Both are commonly employed during hemodialysis treatments which might affect the incidence of catheter-related sepsis. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; 559 patients who underwent hemodialysis treatment with a catheter were reviewed. Episodes of sepsis were analyzed for the use of systemic heparin and intravenous iron as well as all other risk factors for sepsis. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Sepsis developed in 141 of the 796 catheters. Analysis of variance revealed that the number of days that the catheter remained in place was the most significant variable (p &lt; 0.0001) associated with catheter-related sepsis along with multiple other variables, but a Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that only the two biofilm risk factors (intravenous iron [p &lt; 0.001], and mid-treatment bolus of heparin [p = 0.046]) along with previously reported factor of a depressed serum albumin (p = 0.001) are of significance. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; In addition to duration of catheter use, we found three significant risk factors for sepsis and two of those three have been associated with the development of biofilm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000110032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,22]],"date-time":"2007-10-22T13:07:57Z","timestamp":1193058477000},"page":"c128-c132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Is Systemic Heparin a Risk Factor for Catheter-Related Sepsis in Dialysis Patients?"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Charles J.","family":"Diskin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Dansby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lautrec","family":"Radcliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000188497"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1542-4758.2006.00131.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F00365549850161115"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2801%2905321-1"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI200320365"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.280.5361.295"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FIAI.73.8.4596-4606.2005"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2F417552a"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081%2FJDI-120026031"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086%2F382878"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000064279"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fajkd.2001.24527"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fj.jrn.2004.09.018"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2F1471-2180-6-103"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021%2Fla049849%2B"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.watres.2004.09.018"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681%2FASN.2006070802"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FIAI.73.9.5395-5401.2005"}],"container-title":["Nephron Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/110032","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/110032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:00:41Z","timestamp":1745460041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000110032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,22]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000110032","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-2110"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-2110","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,22]]}}}