{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T07:42:22Z","timestamp":1770018142742,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"abstract":"<i>Testatin<\/i> has been implicated in fetal testis development due to its restricted expression in pre-Sertoli cells immediately after the onset of <i>Sry<\/i> gene expression. However,<i> testatin<\/i> knockout mice showed normal testis development and fertility. We investigated the spatial and temporal expression pattern of the <i>Cres\/testatin<\/i> subgroup of genes, including the novel gene <i>Cstl1\/Cres4<\/i>, in fetal mouse gonads and in adult testis, epididymis and ovary. The genes are related to the family 2 cystatins of protease inhibitors. Using real-time PCR and in situ hybridization we could show that 4 subgroup genes, <i>testatin, CstSC, CstTE-1\/Cres3<\/i> and <i>Cres<\/i> are expressed in fetal testis. We also confirmed the expression of <i>testatin, CstE2, CstSC, CstTE-1\/Cr<\/i>es3, <i>Cres, CstT<\/i> and <i>Cstl1\/Cres4<\/i> in adult testis and <i>CstE2, CstTE-1\/Cres3, Cres<\/i> and <i>CstE1\/Cres2<\/i> in adult epididymis. In <i>testatin <\/i>knockout animals, the expression of <i>CstE2<\/i> was heavily downregulated in adult testis, but not in adult epididymis, compared to wildtype controls. In conclusion, an explanation for the lack of phenotype in <i>testatin<\/i> knockout mice could be functional redundancy with another member of the <i>Cres\/testatin<\/i> subgroup. The most likely candidate\/s would be <i>CstSC, CstTE-1\/Cres3<\/i> or <i>Cres<\/i> as they are expressed in the fetal testicular tubules in early testis differentiation together with <i>testatin.<\/i><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000111768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,18]],"date-time":"2008-01-18T13:35:52Z","timestamp":1200663352000},"page":"363-372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Reproductive Tissue Specific Cystatin Subgroup of Genes: Expression during Gonadal Development in Wildtype and Testatin Knockout Animals"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Frygelius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Oscarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nordqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wedell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"T\u00f6h\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnrg1381"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fen.140.8.3633"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fmrd.1080410107"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0303-7207%2802%2900408-2"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fme.6.10.1653"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fen.2002-220997"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2005.12.183"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fen.2002-220890"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0378-1119%2894%2900728-B"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095%2Fbiolreprod.102.003368"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095%2Fbiolreprod.102.014100"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530%2Frep.0.1250769"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fen.140.6.2721"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095%2Fbiolreprod60.6.1542"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fnar%2F22.22.4673"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.95.24.14208"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FMCB.25.12.4892-4902.2005"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0014-5793%2891%2980804-C"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095%2Fbiolreprod.102.003970"}],"container-title":["Sexual Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/111768","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/111768","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:19:48Z","timestamp":1745461188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000111768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000111768","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-5425","1661-5433"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1661-5425","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-5433","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}}}