{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:11:50Z","timestamp":1777867910758,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,5]],"date-time":"2008-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,5]],"date-time":"2008-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report on 79 patients of different stages of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection according to the Walter-Reed staging classification (WR). Comparing the HIV antibody content per weight IgG in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 54 patients (68%) showed higher antibody activity in CSF than in serum, indicating intrathecal antibody production and thus a local challenge with the virus. The percentage of patients with these antibodies in CSF increased from stage WR 1 (33%) to WR 5 (90%). It decreased again in WR 6 (68%). Twenty-one patients with intrathecally produced antibodies but without evidence for opportunistic or preexistent neuropsychiat-ric diseases were further analyzed. Even in stages WR 1 und 2 these patients showed distinct clinical signs. These consisted mostly in apathic personality change (n = 13), peripheral neuropathy (n = 8) or mild hemisyndrome (n = 9). Progression to severe dementia solely caused by HIV encephalitis seems to be possible. More often acceleration of the mental disorder indicates a synergistic action of other pathogens. Our study gives further evidence for very frequent, early and clinically active involvement of the nervous system by the HIV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000116238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,7]],"date-time":"2008-02-07T05:22:50Z","timestamp":1202361770000},"page":"93-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Early Involvement of the Nervous System by Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV)"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Diederich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"J\u00fcrgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ortseifen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Thun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Vukadinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,5]]},"container-title":["European Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/116238","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000116238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:10:09Z","timestamp":1777547409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000116238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,5]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000116238","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-3022","1421-9913"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-3022","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9913","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,5]]}}}